{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:2025-10-21:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2025-10-21","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2025-10-21","date_display":"October 21, 2025 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2025,"month":10,"day":21,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460969.770833,"kali_year":5127,"ahargana":1872504.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":182.9007,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":178.8199,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":355.9192,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.9192},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":178.8199,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.4866},"yoga":{"number":1,"name":"Viṣkambha","sum_longitude":1.7207},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":59,"name":"Nāga"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2025,"month":10,"day":21,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460969.770833,"ahargana":1872504.2708,"kali_year":5127,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2135,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":183.68471499999998,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":178.43911500000002,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-2.4562},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":205.14621499999998,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":205.64551500000005,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":90.06301500000001,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":164.34251500000005,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":332.234515,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":325.7126,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":145.7126,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2025,"month":10,"day":21,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460969.770833,"kali_year":5127,"ahargana":1872504.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":182.9007,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":178.8199,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":355.9192,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.9192},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":178.8199,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.4866},"yoga":{"number":1,"name":"Viṣkambha","sum_longitude":1.7207},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":59,"name":"Nāga"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.456,"elongation":4.081},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.456,"opposition_distance":175.919}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"05:30","sunsetLocal":"18:32","solarNoonLocal":"12:01","dayLengthHours":13.038852010171226,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 02 Mins 20 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 57 Mins 40 Secs","moonriseLocal":"05:15","moonsetLocal":"18:05","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"15:16","end":"16:54","startHours":15.271855993097727,"endHours":16.90171249436913,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"08:45","end":"10:23","startHours":8.752429988012114,"endHours":10.382286489283516,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"12:01","end":"13:39","startHours":12.01214299055492,"endHours":13.641999491826322,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:32","end":"08:58","startHours":8.535115787842592,"endHours":8.969744188181634,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:02","end":"06:23","startHours":6.036002485893108,"endHours":6.383705206164341,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:35","end":"12:27","startHours":11.57751459021588,"endHours":12.44677139089396,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:45","end":"04:37","startHours":3.7542033841131435,"endHours":4.623460184791225,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:24","end":"05:30","startHours":4.406145984621705,"endHours":5.492716985469307,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:11","end":"15:03","startHours":14.185284992250125,"endHours":15.054541792928207,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:20","end":"18:44","startHours":18.331568995640534,"endHours":18.731568995640533,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:32","end":"19:04","startHours":18.531568995640534,"endHours":19.074854496064333,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:17","end":"20:02","startHours":18.281568995640534,"endHours":20.031568995640534,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:35","end":"00:27","startHours":23.57751459021588,"endHours":24.44677139089396,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"05:30","end":"07:07","startHours":5.492716985469307,"endHours":7.12257348674071,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"07:07","end":"08:45","startHours":7.12257348674071,"endHours":8.752429988012114,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"08:45","end":"10:23","startHours":8.752429988012114,"endHours":10.382286489283516,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:23","end":"12:01","startHours":10.382286489283516,"endHours":12.01214299055492,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"12:01","end":"13:39","startHours":12.01214299055492,"endHours":13.641999491826322,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"13:39","end":"15:16","startHours":13.641999491826322,"endHours":15.271855993097727,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"15:16","end":"16:54","startHours":15.271855993097727,"endHours":16.90171249436913,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"16:54","end":"18:32","startHours":16.90171249436913,"endHours":18.531568995640534,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"18:32","end":"19:54","startHours":18.531568995640534,"endHours":19.90171249436913,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"19:54","end":"21:16","startHours":19.90171249436913,"endHours":21.271855993097727,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"21:16","end":"22:39","startHours":21.271855993097727,"endHours":22.641999491826326,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"22:39","end":"00:01","startHours":22.641999491826326,"endHours":24.01214299055492,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"00:01","end":"01:23","startHours":24.01214299055492,"endHours":25.382286489283516,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"01:23","end":"02:45","startHours":25.382286489283516,"endHours":26.752429988012114,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:45","end":"04:07","startHours":26.752429988012114,"endHours":28.122573486740713,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"04:07","end":"05:30","startHours":28.122573486740713,"endHours":29.492716985469308,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:30","end":"06:30","startHours":5.492716985469307,"endHours":6.492716985469307,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:30","end":"07:30","startHours":6.492716985469307,"endHours":7.492716985469307,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:30","end":"08:30","startHours":7.492716985469307,"endHours":8.492716985469308,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:30","end":"09:30","startHours":8.492716985469308,"endHours":9.492716985469308,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:30","end":"10:30","startHours":9.492716985469308,"endHours":10.492716985469308,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:30","end":"11:30","startHours":10.492716985469308,"endHours":11.492716985469308,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:30","end":"12:30","startHours":11.492716985469308,"endHours":12.492716985469308,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:30","end":"13:30","startHours":12.492716985469308,"endHours":13.492716985469308,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:30","end":"14:30","startHours":13.492716985469308,"endHours":14.492716985469308,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:30","end":"15:30","startHours":14.492716985469308,"endHours":15.492716985469308,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:30","end":"16:30","startHours":15.492716985469308,"endHours":16.492716985469308,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:30","end":"17:30","startHours":16.492716985469308,"endHours":17.492716985469308,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:30","end":"18:30","startHours":17.492716985469308,"endHours":18.492716985469308,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:30","end":"19:30","startHours":18.492716985469308,"endHours":19.492716985469308,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:30","end":"20:30","startHours":19.492716985469308,"endHours":20.492716985469308,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:30","end":"21:30","startHours":20.492716985469308,"endHours":21.492716985469308,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:30","end":"22:30","startHours":21.492716985469308,"endHours":22.492716985469308,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:30","end":"23:30","startHours":22.492716985469308,"endHours":23.492716985469308,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:30","end":"00:30","startHours":23.492716985469308,"endHours":24.492716985469308,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:30","end":"01:30","startHours":24.492716985469308,"endHours":25.492716985469308,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:30","end":"02:30","startHours":25.492716985469308,"endHours":26.492716985469308,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:30","end":"03:30","startHours":26.492716985469308,"endHours":27.492716985469308,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:30","end":"04:30","startHours":27.492716985469308,"endHours":28.492716985469308,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:30","end":"05:30","startHours":28.492716985469308,"endHours":29.492716985469308,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"North-West","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mausala","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śarad (Autumn)","vedicRitu":"Śarad (Autumn)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-10.725267221927592,"eotMinutes":15.829420566704727,"ayanamsa":24.2135}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2082,"vikram_samvatsara":"Kālayukta","saka_samvat":1947,"saka_samvatsara":"Viśvāvasu","bengali_samvat":1432,"malayalam_era":1201,"nanakshahi_year":556,"lunar_month":"Kārtika","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Kārtika Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Tulā (Aippasi)","ritu":"Śarad (Autumn)","display_summary":"Kārtika Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā · Vikram 2082 Kālayukta · Śaka 1947 Viśvāvasu"},"festivals":[{"id":"diwali","name":"Dīpāvalī (Diwali)","name_sanskrit":"दीपावली","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Lakshmi-Mata","significance":"Lakshmi-Pūjā night; festival of lights; Rāma's return to Ayodhyā.","vrata":false,"detection":{"tithi_number":30,"lunar_month":"Kārtika"},"precedence":1},{"id":"lakshmi-puja","name":"Lakṣmī Pūjā (Diwali main day)","name_sanskrit":"लक्ष्मी पूजा","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Mahā-Lakṣmī","significance":"Mahā-Lakṣmī Pūjā on Kārtika Amāvasyā; Diwali main day.","vrata":true,"primary_observance":"Pradoṣa-time Lakṣmī-pūjā in cleaned home; deepa-mālā lighting.","detection":{"tithi_number":30,"tithi_paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","lunar_month":"Kārtika"},"precedence":1},{"id":"tula-sankranti","name":"Tulā Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"तुला सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Libra.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Tulā"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-10-20","event":"Karṇa-Vadha (Mahābhārata Day 17)","chart_id":"karna","shared_marker":"same Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","url":"/day/-3137-10-20","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga October 21, 2025 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"October 21, 2025 CE for Perth, Australia: Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā, sūryodaya 05:30, sūryāsta 18:32.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2025-10-21","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2025-10-21","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2025-10-21","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2025-10-21","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2025-10-21"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T21:44:47.747Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T21:44:47.747Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T21:44:47.747Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}