{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:2025-01-23:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2025-01-23","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2025-01-23","date_display":"January 23, 2025 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2025,"month":1,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460698.770833,"kali_year":5126,"ahargana":1872233.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":278.9683,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":202.6228,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":24,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Navamī","elongation_degrees":283.6545,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.6545},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":202.6228,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.6228},"yoga":{"number":10,"name":"Gaṇḍa","sum_longitude":121.5911},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":47,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2025,"month":1,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460698.770833,"ahargana":1872233.2708,"kali_year":5126,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2031,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":279.07476900000006,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":201.858469,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.0414},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":88.92946899999998,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":267.397069,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":47.293368999999984,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":325.24786900000004,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":322.381669,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":340.0715,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":160.0715,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2025,"month":1,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460698.770833,"kali_year":5126,"ahargana":1872233.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":278.9683,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":202.6228,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":24,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Navamī","elongation_degrees":283.6545,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.6545},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":202.6228,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.6228},"yoga":{"number":10,"name":"Gaṇḍa","sum_longitude":121.5911},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":47,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.041,"elongation":76.346},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.041,"opposition_distance":103.654}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"05:33","sunsetLocal":"19:23","solarNoonLocal":"12:28","dayLengthHours":13.836250385894825,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 50 Mins 11 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 09 Mins 49 Secs","moonriseLocal":"00:34","moonsetLocal":"14:05","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"14:12","end":"15:56","startHours":14.202251257905482,"endHours":15.931782556142334,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"05:33","end":"07:17","startHours":5.554594766721216,"endHours":7.28412606495807,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"09:01","end":"10:45","startHours":9.013657363194923,"endHours":10.743188661431775,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:47","end":"09:15","startHours":8.783053190096675,"endHours":9.24426153629317,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:08","end":"06:30","startHours":6.131105199466834,"endHours":6.5000718764240295,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:01","end":"12:56","startHours":12.011511613472134,"endHours":12.933928305865123,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:43","end":"04:38","startHours":3.7097613819352393,"endHours":4.632178074328228,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:24","end":"05:33","startHours":4.40157390122998,"endHours":5.554594766721216,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:47","end":"15:42","startHours":14.778761690651098,"endHours":15.701178383044086,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:11","end":"19:35","startHours":19.190845152616042,"endHours":19.59084515261604,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:23","end":"19:58","startHours":19.39084515261604,"endHours":19.96735558536166,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"19:08","end":"20:53","startHours":19.14084515261604,"endHours":20.89084515261604,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:01","end":"00:56","startHours":24.011511613472138,"endHours":24.933928305865123,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"05:33","end":"07:17","startHours":5.554594766721216,"endHours":7.28412606495807,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"07:17","end":"09:01","startHours":7.28412606495807,"endHours":9.013657363194923,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"09:01","end":"10:45","startHours":9.013657363194923,"endHours":10.743188661431775,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"10:45","end":"12:28","startHours":10.743188661431775,"endHours":12.472719959668629,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"12:28","end":"14:12","startHours":12.472719959668629,"endHours":14.202251257905482,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"14:12","end":"15:56","startHours":14.202251257905482,"endHours":15.931782556142334,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"15:56","end":"17:40","startHours":15.931782556142334,"endHours":17.661313854379188,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"17:40","end":"19:23","startHours":17.661313854379188,"endHours":19.39084515261604,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:23","end":"20:40","startHours":19.39084515261604,"endHours":20.661313854379188,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"20:40","end":"21:56","startHours":20.661313854379188,"endHours":21.931782556142334,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"21:56","end":"23:12","startHours":21.931782556142334,"endHours":23.20225125790548,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"23:12","end":"00:28","startHours":23.20225125790548,"endHours":24.47271995966863,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"00:28","end":"01:45","startHours":24.47271995966863,"endHours":25.743188661431773,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"01:45","end":"03:01","startHours":25.743188661431773,"endHours":27.013657363194923,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"03:01","end":"04:17","startHours":27.013657363194923,"endHours":28.28412606495807,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"04:17","end":"05:33","startHours":28.28412606495807,"endHours":29.554594766721216,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:33","end":"06:33","startHours":5.554594766721216,"endHours":6.554594766721216,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:33","end":"07:33","startHours":6.554594766721216,"endHours":7.554594766721216,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:33","end":"08:33","startHours":7.554594766721216,"endHours":8.554594766721216,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:33","end":"09:33","startHours":8.554594766721216,"endHours":9.554594766721216,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:33","end":"10:33","startHours":9.554594766721216,"endHours":10.554594766721216,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:33","end":"11:33","startHours":10.554594766721216,"endHours":11.554594766721216,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:33","end":"12:33","startHours":11.554594766721216,"endHours":12.554594766721216,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:33","end":"13:33","startHours":12.554594766721216,"endHours":13.554594766721216,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:33","end":"14:33","startHours":13.554594766721216,"endHours":14.554594766721216,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:33","end":"15:33","startHours":14.554594766721216,"endHours":15.554594766721216,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:33","end":"16:33","startHours":15.554594766721216,"endHours":16.554594766721216,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:33","end":"17:33","startHours":16.554594766721216,"endHours":17.554594766721216,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:33","end":"18:33","startHours":17.554594766721216,"endHours":18.554594766721216,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:33","end":"19:33","startHours":18.554594766721216,"endHours":19.554594766721216,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:33","end":"20:33","startHours":19.554594766721216,"endHours":20.554594766721216,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:33","end":"21:33","startHours":20.554594766721216,"endHours":21.554594766721216,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:33","end":"22:33","startHours":21.554594766721216,"endHours":22.554594766721216,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:33","end":"23:33","startHours":22.554594766721216,"endHours":23.554594766721216,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:33","end":"00:33","startHours":23.554594766721216,"endHours":24.554594766721216,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:33","end":"01:33","startHours":24.554594766721216,"endHours":25.554594766721216,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:33","end":"02:33","startHours":25.554594766721216,"endHours":26.554594766721216,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:33","end":"03:33","startHours":26.554594766721216,"endHours":27.554594766721216,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:33","end":"04:33","startHours":27.554594766721216,"endHours":28.554594766721216,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:33","end":"05:33","startHours":28.554594766721216,"endHours":29.554594766721216,"planetary_lord":"Moon"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"South (Dakṣiṇa)","chandraVasa":"North","rahuVasa":"North-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Prajāpati","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-19.42131715706354,"eotMinutes":-11.805197580117738,"ayanamsa":24.2031}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2082,"vikram_samvatsara":"Kālayukta","saka_samvat":1947,"saka_samvatsara":"Viśvāvasu","bengali_samvat":1432,"malayalam_era":1201,"nanakshahi_year":556,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Navamī · Vikram 2082 Kālayukta · Śaka 1947 Viśvāvasu"},"festivals":[{"id":"makara-sankranti","name":"Makara Saṅkrānti (Uttarāyaṇa)","name_sanskrit":"मकर सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Capricorn; Uttarāyaṇa (north-going) begins. Bhīṣma's chosen mahaprasthāna time.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":1,"sources":["Mahābhārata Bhīṣma-Stuti","Sūrya-Siddhānta"]},{"id":"pongal","name":"Pongal / Thai Pongal","name_sanskrit":"पोङ्गल","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Tamil 4-day harvest festival; coincides with Makara Saṅkrānti.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"guru-walk","name":"Bṛhaspati Walk","name_sanskrit":"गुरु यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Wisdom transmission + BG 4.34.","step_count":8,"url":"/walk/guru-walk"},"reason":"Guruvāra (Thursday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-0562-04-11","event":"Bhagavān Buddha's birth at Lumbinī","chart_id":"buddha","shared_marker":"same Viśākhā","url":"/day/-0562-04-11","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 23, 2025 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 23, 2025 CE for Perth, Australia: Kṛṣṇa Navamī, sūryodaya 05:33, sūryāsta 19:23.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2025-01-23","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2025-01-23","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2025-01-23","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2025-01-23","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2025-01-23"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T22:25:29.499Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T22:25:29.499Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T22:25:29.499Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}