{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:2024-12-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2024-12-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2024-12-28","date_display":"December 28, 2024 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2024,"month":12,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460672.770833,"kali_year":5126,"ahargana":1872207.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":252.2602,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":217.2779,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":28,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":325.0176,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.0176},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":217.2779,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.9445},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":109.5381},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":54,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2024,"month":12,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460672.770833,"ahargana":1872207.2708,"kali_year":5126,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2021,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":252.588662,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":218.54086200000006,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.7219},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":98.56586200000004,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":230.34386199999994,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":49.414462000000015,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":298.885762,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":320.132062,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":341.4491,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":161.4491,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2024,"month":12,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460672.770833,"kali_year":5126,"ahargana":1872207.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":252.2602,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":217.2779,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":28,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":325.0176,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.0176},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":217.2779,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.9445},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":109.5381},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":54,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.722,"elongation":34.982},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.722,"opposition_distance":145.018}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"05:12","sunsetLocal":"19:25","solarNoonLocal":"12:18","dayLengthHours":14.221866400957447,"dayLengthDisplay":"14 Hours 13 Mins 19 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"9 Hours 46 Mins 41 Secs","moonriseLocal":"03:05","moonsetLocal":"17:00","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"08:45","end":"10:32","startHours":8.75195180749876,"endHours":10.529685107618441,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"14:05","end":"15:52","startHours":14.085151707857802,"endHours":15.862885007977484,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"05:12","end":"06:58","startHours":5.196485207259398,"endHours":6.974218507379079,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:31","end":"08:59","startHours":8.514920700816136,"endHours":8.988982914181385,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:47","end":"06:10","startHours":5.789062973965958,"endHours":6.168312744658157,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:50","end":"12:47","startHours":11.833356194372874,"endHours":12.781480621103372,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:18","end":"04:15","startHours":3.300236353798405,"endHours":4.248360780528902,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:01","end":"05:12","startHours":4.011329673846277,"endHours":5.196485207259398,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:41","end":"15:38","startHours":14.677729474564362,"endHours":15.625853901294859,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:13","end":"19:37","startHours":19.218351608216846,"endHours":19.618351608216845,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:25","end":"20:01","startHours":19.418351608216845,"endHours":20.010929374923407,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"19:10","end":"20:55","startHours":19.168351608216845,"endHours":20.918351608216845,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:50","end":"00:47","startHours":23.833356194372875,"endHours":24.78148062110337,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"05:12","end":"06:58","startHours":5.196485207259398,"endHours":6.974218507379079,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"06:58","end":"08:45","startHours":6.974218507379079,"endHours":8.75195180749876,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"08:45","end":"10:32","startHours":8.75195180749876,"endHours":10.529685107618441,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:32","end":"12:18","startHours":10.529685107618441,"endHours":12.307418407738123,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:18","end":"14:05","startHours":12.307418407738123,"endHours":14.085151707857802,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"14:05","end":"15:52","startHours":14.085151707857802,"endHours":15.862885007977484,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:52","end":"17:38","startHours":15.862885007977484,"endHours":17.640618308097164,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"17:38","end":"19:25","startHours":17.640618308097164,"endHours":19.418351608216845,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"19:25","end":"20:38","startHours":19.418351608216845,"endHours":20.640618308097164,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"20:38","end":"21:52","startHours":20.640618308097164,"endHours":21.862885007977482,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:52","end":"23:05","startHours":21.862885007977482,"endHours":23.085151707857804,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"23:05","end":"00:18","startHours":23.085151707857804,"endHours":24.307418407738123,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:18","end":"01:32","startHours":24.307418407738123,"endHours":25.52968510761844,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:32","end":"02:45","startHours":25.52968510761844,"endHours":26.75195180749876,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"02:45","end":"03:58","startHours":26.75195180749876,"endHours":27.974218507379078,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"03:58","end":"05:12","startHours":27.974218507379078,"endHours":29.1964852072594,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:12","end":"06:12","startHours":5.196485207259398,"endHours":6.196485207259398,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:12","end":"07:12","startHours":6.196485207259398,"endHours":7.196485207259398,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:12","end":"08:12","startHours":7.196485207259398,"endHours":8.196485207259398,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:12","end":"09:12","startHours":8.196485207259398,"endHours":9.196485207259398,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:12","end":"10:12","startHours":9.196485207259398,"endHours":10.196485207259398,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:12","end":"11:12","startHours":10.196485207259398,"endHours":11.196485207259398,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:12","end":"12:12","startHours":11.196485207259398,"endHours":12.196485207259398,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:12","end":"13:12","startHours":12.196485207259398,"endHours":13.196485207259398,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:12","end":"14:12","startHours":13.196485207259398,"endHours":14.196485207259398,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:12","end":"15:12","startHours":14.196485207259398,"endHours":15.196485207259398,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:12","end":"16:12","startHours":15.196485207259398,"endHours":16.1964852072594,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:12","end":"17:12","startHours":16.1964852072594,"endHours":17.1964852072594,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:12","end":"18:12","startHours":17.1964852072594,"endHours":18.1964852072594,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:12","end":"19:12","startHours":18.1964852072594,"endHours":19.1964852072594,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:12","end":"20:12","startHours":19.1964852072594,"endHours":20.1964852072594,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:12","end":"21:12","startHours":20.1964852072594,"endHours":21.1964852072594,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:12","end":"22:12","startHours":21.1964852072594,"endHours":22.1964852072594,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:12","end":"23:12","startHours":22.1964852072594,"endHours":23.1964852072594,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:12","end":"00:12","startHours":23.1964852072594,"endHours":24.1964852072594,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:12","end":"01:12","startHours":24.1964852072594,"endHours":25.1964852072594,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:12","end":"02:12","startHours":25.1964852072594,"endHours":26.1964852072594,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:12","end":"03:12","startHours":26.1964852072594,"endHours":27.1964852072594,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:12","end":"04:12","startHours":27.1964852072594,"endHours":28.1964852072594,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:12","end":"05:12","startHours":28.1964852072594,"endHours":29.1964852072594,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"North-East","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mānasa","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-23.262369475315843,"eotMinutes":-1.8871044642874448,"ayanamsa":24.2021}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2081,"vikram_samvatsara":"Piṅgala","saka_samvat":1946,"saka_samvatsara":"Krodhi","bengali_samvat":1431,"malayalam_era":1200,"nanakshahi_year":555,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī · Vikram 2081 Piṅgala · Śaka 1946 Krodhi"},"festivals":[{"id":"lohri","name":"Lohri","name_sanskrit":"लोहड़ी","tradition":"Regional","significance":"Punjab harvest festival; eve of Makara Saṅkrānti. (Approximated as 13/14 January annually; correct via Sun in Dhanu/Makara cusp.)","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":4},{"id":"dhanu-sankranti","name":"Dhanu Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"धनु सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Sagittarius; Dhanu-māsa (Khara-māsa).","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":5},{"id":"pradosha-vrata","name":"Pradoṣa Vrata","name_sanskrit":"प्रदोष व्रत","tradition":"Shaiva","associated_deity":"Śiva","significance":"Twilight worship of Śiva on Trayodaśī.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":13},{"tithi_number":28}]},"precedence":7}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 28, 2024 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 28, 2024 CE for Perth, Australia: Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī, sūryodaya 05:12, sūryāsta 19:25.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2024-12-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2024-12-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2024-12-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2024-12-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2024-12-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T21:12:08.604Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T21:12:08.604Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T21:12:08.604Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}