{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:2024-01-30:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2024-01-30","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2024-01-30","date_display":"January 30, 2024 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2024,"month":1,"day":30,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460339.770833,"kali_year":5125,"ahargana":1871874.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":285.3768,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":155.7558,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":230.3791,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.3791},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":155.7558,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.0892},"yoga":{"number":7,"name":"Sukarma","sum_longitude":81.1326},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":38,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2024,"month":1,"day":30,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460339.770833,"ahargana":1871874.2708,"kali_year":5125,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1894,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":285.43468499999994,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":152.34898499999997,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":1.7811},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":264.656885,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":266.267385,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":12.916285000000016,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":253.70828499999993,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":312.12488499999995,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":359.093,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":179.093,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2024,"month":1,"day":30,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460339.770833,"kali_year":5125,"ahargana":1871874.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":285.3768,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":155.7558,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":230.3791,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.3791},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":155.7558,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.0892},"yoga":{"number":7,"name":"Sukarma","sum_longitude":81.1326},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":38,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":1.781,"elongation":129.621},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":1.781,"opposition_distance":50.379}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"05:39","sunsetLocal":"19:20","solarNoonLocal":"12:30","dayLengthHours":13.684449442078643,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 41 Mins 04 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 18 Mins 56 Secs","moonriseLocal":"21:38","moonsetLocal":"09:37","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"15:55","end":"17:38","startHours":15.919698126782404,"endHours":17.630254307042236,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"09:05","end":"10:47","startHours":9.077473405743083,"endHours":10.788029586002914,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"12:30","end":"14:13","startHours":12.498585766262742,"endHours":14.209141946522573,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:51","end":"09:18","startHours":8.849399248375105,"endHours":9.305547563111059,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:14","end":"06:35","startHours":6.226546438643365,"endHours":6.591465090432129,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:03","end":"12:57","startHours":12.042437451526787,"endHours":12.954734080998698,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:50","end":"04:45","startHours":3.831767786279603,"endHours":4.744064415751512,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:31","end":"05:39","startHours":4.515990258383535,"endHours":5.656361045223422,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:47","end":"15:41","startHours":14.779327339942517,"endHours":15.691623969414426,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:08","end":"19:32","startHours":19.140810487302065,"endHours":19.540810487302064,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:20","end":"19:55","startHours":19.340810487302065,"endHours":19.91099588072201,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"19:05","end":"20:50","startHours":19.090810487302065,"endHours":20.840810487302065,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:03","end":"00:57","startHours":24.042437451526787,"endHours":24.954734080998698,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"05:39","end":"07:22","startHours":5.656361045223422,"endHours":7.3669172254832525,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"07:22","end":"09:05","startHours":7.3669172254832525,"endHours":9.077473405743083,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"09:05","end":"10:47","startHours":9.077473405743083,"endHours":10.788029586002914,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:47","end":"12:30","startHours":10.788029586002914,"endHours":12.498585766262742,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"12:30","end":"14:13","startHours":12.498585766262742,"endHours":14.209141946522573,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"14:13","end":"15:55","startHours":14.209141946522573,"endHours":15.919698126782404,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"15:55","end":"17:38","startHours":15.919698126782404,"endHours":17.630254307042236,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"17:38","end":"19:20","startHours":17.630254307042236,"endHours":19.340810487302065,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"19:20","end":"20:38","startHours":19.340810487302065,"endHours":20.630254307042236,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"20:38","end":"21:55","startHours":20.630254307042236,"endHours":21.919698126782404,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"21:55","end":"23:13","startHours":21.919698126782404,"endHours":23.209141946522575,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"23:13","end":"00:30","startHours":23.209141946522575,"endHours":24.498585766262742,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"00:30","end":"01:47","startHours":24.498585766262742,"endHours":25.788029586002914,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"01:47","end":"03:05","startHours":25.788029586002914,"endHours":27.077473405743085,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"03:05","end":"04:22","startHours":27.077473405743085,"endHours":28.366917225483252,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"04:22","end":"05:39","startHours":28.366917225483252,"endHours":29.65636104522342,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:39","end":"06:39","startHours":5.656361045223422,"endHours":6.656361045223422,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:39","end":"07:39","startHours":6.656361045223422,"endHours":7.656361045223422,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:39","end":"08:39","startHours":7.656361045223422,"endHours":8.656361045223422,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:39","end":"09:39","startHours":8.656361045223422,"endHours":9.656361045223422,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:39","end":"10:39","startHours":9.656361045223422,"endHours":10.656361045223422,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:39","end":"11:39","startHours":10.656361045223422,"endHours":11.656361045223422,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:39","end":"12:39","startHours":11.656361045223422,"endHours":12.656361045223422,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:39","end":"13:39","startHours":12.656361045223422,"endHours":13.656361045223422,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:39","end":"14:39","startHours":13.656361045223422,"endHours":14.656361045223422,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:39","end":"15:39","startHours":14.656361045223422,"endHours":15.656361045223422,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:39","end":"16:39","startHours":15.656361045223422,"endHours":16.65636104522342,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:39","end":"17:39","startHours":16.65636104522342,"endHours":17.65636104522342,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:39","end":"18:39","startHours":17.65636104522342,"endHours":18.65636104522342,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:39","end":"19:39","startHours":18.65636104522342,"endHours":19.65636104522342,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:39","end":"20:39","startHours":19.65636104522342,"endHours":20.65636104522342,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:39","end":"21:39","startHours":20.65636104522342,"endHours":21.65636104522342,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:39","end":"22:39","startHours":21.65636104522342,"endHours":22.65636104522342,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:39","end":"23:39","startHours":22.65636104522342,"endHours":23.65636104522342,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:39","end":"00:39","startHours":23.65636104522342,"endHours":24.65636104522342,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:39","end":"01:39","startHours":24.65636104522342,"endHours":25.65636104522342,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:39","end":"02:39","startHours":25.65636104522342,"endHours":26.65636104522342,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:39","end":"03:39","startHours":26.65636104522342,"endHours":27.65636104522342,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:39","end":"04:39","startHours":27.65636104522342,"endHours":28.65636104522342,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:39","end":"05:39","startHours":28.65636104522342,"endHours":29.65636104522342,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"North-West","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Śubha","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-17.839493630196102,"eotMinutes":-13.357145975764517,"ayanamsa":24.1894}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2081,"vikram_samvatsara":"Piṅgala","saka_samvat":1946,"saka_samvatsara":"Krodhi","bengali_samvat":1431,"malayalam_era":1200,"nanakshahi_year":555,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī · Vikram 2081 Piṅgala · Śaka 1946 Krodhi"},"festivals":[{"id":"makara-sankranti","name":"Makara Saṅkrānti (Uttarāyaṇa)","name_sanskrit":"मकर सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Capricorn; Uttarāyaṇa (north-going) begins. Bhīṣma's chosen mahaprasthāna time.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":1,"sources":["Mahābhārata Bhīṣma-Stuti","Sūrya-Siddhānta"]},{"id":"pongal","name":"Pongal / Thai Pongal","name_sanskrit":"पोङ्गल","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Tamil 4-day harvest festival; coincides with Makara Saṅkrānti.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 30, 2024 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 30, 2024 CE for Perth, Australia: Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī, sūryodaya 05:39, sūryāsta 19:20.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2024-01-30","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2024-01-30","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2024-01-30","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2024-01-30","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2024-01-30"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T23:34:33.387Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T23:34:33.387Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T23:34:33.387Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}