{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:2023-12-02:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2023-12-02","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2023-12-02","date_display":"December 2, 2023 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":12,"day":2,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460280.770833,"kali_year":5125,"ahargana":1871815.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":224.8383,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":101.6941,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":236.8559,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.8559},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3,"moon_longitude":101.6941,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.3608},"yoga":{"number":25,"name":"Brahma","sum_longitude":326.5324},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":39,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2023,"month":12,"day":2,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460280.770833,"ahargana":1871815.2708,"kali_year":5125,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1871,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":225.39344000000006,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":100.48544000000004,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.4385},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":220.98014,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":246.16344000000004,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":12.830039999999997,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":182.26664000000005,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":307.08244,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":2.2191,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":182.2191,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":12,"day":2,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460280.770833,"kali_year":5125,"ahargana":1871815.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":224.8383,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":101.6941,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":236.8559,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.8559},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3,"moon_longitude":101.6941,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.3608},"yoga":{"number":25,"name":"Brahma","sum_longitude":326.5324},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":39,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.438,"elongation":123.144},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.438,"opposition_distance":56.856}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"05:04","sunsetLocal":"19:09","solarNoonLocal":"12:07","dayLengthHours":14.08051251501987,"dayLengthDisplay":"14 Hours 04 Mins 50 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"9 Hours 55 Mins 10 Secs","moonriseLocal":"22:34","moonsetLocal":"09:00","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"08:36","end":"10:21","startHours":8.593354833292963,"endHours":10.353418897670446,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:52","end":"15:38","startHours":13.873547026425413,"endHours":15.633611090802898,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"05:04","end":"06:50","startHours":5.073226704537995,"endHours":6.833290768915479,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:22","end":"08:50","startHours":8.358679624709298,"endHours":8.828030041876627,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:40","end":"06:02","startHours":5.659914725997156,"endHours":6.0353950597310195,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:39","end":"12:35","startHours":11.6441325448806,"endHours":12.582833379215257,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:12","end":"04:08","startHours":3.1958250358686793,"endHours":4.134525870203337,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"03:54","end":"05:04","startHours":3.8998506616196726,"endHours":5.073226704537995,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:28","end":"15:24","startHours":14.460235047884574,"endHours":15.39893588221923,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:57","end":"19:21","startHours":18.953739219557864,"endHours":19.353739219557863,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:09","end":"19:44","startHours":19.153739219557863,"endHours":19.740427241017024,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:54","end":"20:39","startHours":18.903739219557863,"endHours":20.653739219557863,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:39","end":"00:35","startHours":23.6441325448806,"endHours":24.58283337921526,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"05:04","end":"06:50","startHours":5.073226704537995,"endHours":6.833290768915479,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"06:50","end":"08:36","startHours":6.833290768915479,"endHours":8.593354833292963,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"08:36","end":"10:21","startHours":8.593354833292963,"endHours":10.353418897670446,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:21","end":"12:07","startHours":10.353418897670446,"endHours":12.113482962047929,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:07","end":"13:52","startHours":12.113482962047929,"endHours":13.873547026425413,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:52","end":"15:38","startHours":13.873547026425413,"endHours":15.633611090802898,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:38","end":"17:24","startHours":15.633611090802898,"endHours":17.39367515518038,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"17:24","end":"19:09","startHours":17.39367515518038,"endHours":19.153739219557863,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"19:09","end":"20:24","startHours":19.153739219557863,"endHours":20.39367515518038,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"20:24","end":"21:38","startHours":20.39367515518038,"endHours":21.633611090802894,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:38","end":"22:52","startHours":21.633611090802894,"endHours":22.873547026425413,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:52","end":"00:07","startHours":22.873547026425413,"endHours":24.11348296204793,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:07","end":"01:21","startHours":24.11348296204793,"endHours":25.353418897670444,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:21","end":"02:36","startHours":25.353418897670444,"endHours":26.593354833292963,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"02:36","end":"03:50","startHours":26.593354833292963,"endHours":27.83329076891548,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"03:50","end":"05:04","startHours":27.83329076891548,"endHours":29.073226704537994,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:04","end":"06:04","startHours":5.073226704537995,"endHours":6.073226704537995,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:04","end":"07:04","startHours":6.073226704537995,"endHours":7.073226704537995,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:04","end":"08:04","startHours":7.073226704537995,"endHours":8.073226704537994,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:04","end":"09:04","startHours":8.073226704537994,"endHours":9.073226704537994,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:04","end":"10:04","startHours":9.073226704537994,"endHours":10.073226704537994,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:04","end":"11:04","startHours":10.073226704537994,"endHours":11.073226704537994,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:04","end":"12:04","startHours":11.073226704537994,"endHours":12.073226704537994,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:04","end":"13:04","startHours":12.073226704537994,"endHours":13.073226704537994,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:04","end":"14:04","startHours":13.073226704537994,"endHours":14.073226704537994,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:04","end":"15:04","startHours":14.073226704537994,"endHours":15.073226704537994,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:04","end":"16:04","startHours":15.073226704537994,"endHours":16.073226704537994,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:04","end":"17:04","startHours":16.073226704537994,"endHours":17.073226704537994,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:04","end":"18:04","startHours":17.073226704537994,"endHours":18.073226704537994,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:04","end":"19:04","startHours":18.073226704537994,"endHours":19.073226704537994,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:04","end":"20:04","startHours":19.073226704537994,"endHours":20.073226704537994,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:04","end":"21:04","startHours":20.073226704537994,"endHours":21.073226704537994,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:04","end":"22:04","startHours":21.073226704537994,"endHours":22.073226704537994,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:04","end":"23:04","startHours":22.073226704537994,"endHours":23.073226704537994,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:04","end":"00:04","startHours":23.073226704537994,"endHours":24.073226704537994,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:04","end":"01:04","startHours":24.073226704537994,"endHours":25.073226704537994,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:04","end":"02:04","startHours":25.073226704537994,"endHours":26.073226704537994,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:04","end":"03:04","startHours":26.073226704537994,"endHours":27.073226704537994,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:04","end":"04:04","startHours":27.073226704537994,"endHours":28.073226704537994,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:04","end":"05:04","startHours":28.073226704537994,"endHours":29.073226704537994,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Prajāpati","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Śarad (Autumn)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-21.884722197982235,"eotMinutes":9.74902227712421,"ayanamsa":24.1871}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2080,"vikram_samvatsara":"Nala","saka_samvat":1945,"saka_samvatsara":"Śobhana","bengali_samvat":1430,"malayalam_era":1199,"nanakshahi_year":554,"lunar_month":"Mārgaśīrṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Mārgaśīrṣa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Vṛścika (Kārttikai)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Mārgaśīrṣa Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī · Vikram 2080 Nala · Śaka 1945 Śobhana"},"festivals":[{"id":"vrischika-sankranti","name":"Vṛścika Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"वृश्चिक सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Scorpio.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Vṛścika"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 2, 2023 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 2, 2023 CE for Perth, Australia: Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī, sūryodaya 05:04, sūryāsta 19:09.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2023-12-02","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2023-12-02","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2023-12-02","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2023-12-02","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2023-12-02"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T21:20:33.085Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T21:20:33.085Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T21:20:33.085Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}