{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:2023-12-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2023-12-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2023-12-01","date_display":"December 1, 2023 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":12,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460279.770833,"kali_year":5125,"ahargana":1871814.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":223.8171,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":89.5068,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":19,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturthī","elongation_degrees":225.6897,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":9.6897},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":3,"moon_longitude":89.5068,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.5068},"yoga":{"number":24,"name":"Śukla","sum_longitude":313.3239},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":37,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2023,"month":12,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460279.770833,"ahargana":1871814.2708,"kali_year":5125,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1871,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":224.38007800000003,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":88.149178,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.4947},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":220.26257800000008,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":244.97017800000003,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":12.925378000000023,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":181.09947799999998,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":307.035978,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":2.2721,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":182.2721,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":12,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460279.770833,"kali_year":5125,"ahargana":1871814.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":223.8171,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":89.5068,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":19,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturthī","elongation_degrees":225.6897,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":9.6897},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":3,"moon_longitude":89.5068,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.5068},"yoga":{"number":24,"name":"Śukla","sum_longitude":313.3239},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":37,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.495,"elongation":134.31},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.495,"opposition_distance":45.69}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"05:04","sunsetLocal":"19:08","solarNoonLocal":"12:06","dayLengthHours":14.064828945255371,"dayLengthDisplay":"14 Hours 03 Mins 53 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"9 Hours 56 Mins 07 Secs","moonriseLocal":"21:56","moonsetLocal":"08:07","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"10:21","end":"12:06","startHours":10.349012205169736,"endHours":12.107115823326659,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"15:37","end":"17:23","startHours":15.623323059640501,"endHours":17.38142667779742,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"06:50","end":"08:35","startHours":6.832804968855894,"endHours":8.590908587012816,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:21","end":"08:50","startHours":8.356494771258559,"endHours":8.825322402767071,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:40","end":"06:02","startHours":5.660735890084613,"endHours":6.035797995291423,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:38","end":"12:35","startHours":11.638288191818146,"endHours":12.575943454835171,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:12","end":"04:08","startHours":3.1993908246649228,"endHours":4.137046087681948,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"03:54","end":"05:04","startHours":3.9026322719276916,"endHours":5.074701350698972,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:27","end":"15:23","startHours":14.451253980869218,"endHours":15.388909243886243,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:56","end":"19:20","startHours":18.939530295954345,"endHours":19.339530295954344,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:08","end":"19:44","startHours":19.139530295954344,"endHours":19.725564835339984,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:53","end":"20:38","startHours":18.889530295954344,"endHours":20.639530295954344,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:38","end":"00:35","startHours":23.638288191818145,"endHours":24.575943454835173,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"05:04","end":"06:50","startHours":5.074701350698972,"endHours":6.832804968855894,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"06:50","end":"08:35","startHours":6.832804968855894,"endHours":8.590908587012816,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"08:35","end":"10:21","startHours":8.590908587012816,"endHours":10.349012205169736,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"10:21","end":"12:06","startHours":10.349012205169736,"endHours":12.107115823326659,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"12:06","end":"13:52","startHours":12.107115823326659,"endHours":13.865219441483578,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"13:52","end":"15:37","startHours":13.865219441483578,"endHours":15.623323059640501,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"15:37","end":"17:23","startHours":15.623323059640501,"endHours":17.38142667779742,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"17:23","end":"19:08","startHours":17.38142667779742,"endHours":19.139530295954344,"quality":"neutral"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"19:08","end":"20:23","startHours":19.139530295954344,"endHours":20.38142667779742,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"20:23","end":"21:37","startHours":20.38142667779742,"endHours":21.6233230596405,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"21:37","end":"22:52","startHours":21.6233230596405,"endHours":22.865219441483582,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"22:52","end":"00:06","startHours":22.865219441483582,"endHours":24.10711582332666,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"00:06","end":"01:21","startHours":24.10711582332666,"endHours":25.349012205169736,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"01:21","end":"02:35","startHours":25.349012205169736,"endHours":26.590908587012816,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"02:35","end":"03:50","startHours":26.590908587012816,"endHours":27.832804968855896,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:50","end":"05:04","startHours":27.832804968855896,"endHours":29.074701350698973,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:04","end":"06:04","startHours":5.074701350698972,"endHours":6.074701350698972,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:04","end":"07:04","startHours":6.074701350698972,"endHours":7.074701350698972,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:04","end":"08:04","startHours":7.074701350698972,"endHours":8.074701350698973,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:04","end":"09:04","startHours":8.074701350698973,"endHours":9.074701350698973,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:04","end":"10:04","startHours":9.074701350698973,"endHours":10.074701350698973,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:04","end":"11:04","startHours":10.074701350698973,"endHours":11.074701350698973,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:04","end":"12:04","startHours":11.074701350698973,"endHours":12.074701350698973,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:04","end":"13:04","startHours":12.074701350698973,"endHours":13.074701350698973,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:04","end":"14:04","startHours":13.074701350698973,"endHours":14.074701350698973,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:04","end":"15:04","startHours":14.074701350698973,"endHours":15.074701350698973,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:04","end":"16:04","startHours":15.074701350698973,"endHours":16.074701350698973,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:04","end":"17:04","startHours":16.074701350698973,"endHours":17.074701350698973,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:04","end":"18:04","startHours":17.074701350698973,"endHours":18.074701350698973,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:04","end":"19:04","startHours":18.074701350698973,"endHours":19.074701350698973,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:04","end":"20:04","startHours":19.074701350698973,"endHours":20.074701350698973,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:04","end":"21:04","startHours":20.074701350698973,"endHours":21.074701350698973,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:04","end":"22:04","startHours":21.074701350698973,"endHours":22.074701350698973,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:04","end":"23:04","startHours":22.074701350698973,"endHours":23.074701350698973,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:04","end":"00:04","startHours":23.074701350698973,"endHours":24.074701350698973,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:04","end":"01:04","startHours":24.074701350698973,"endHours":25.074701350698973,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:04","end":"02:04","startHours":25.074701350698973,"endHours":26.074701350698973,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:04","end":"03:04","startHours":26.074701350698973,"endHours":27.074701350698973,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:04","end":"04:04","startHours":27.074701350698973,"endHours":28.074701350698973,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:04","end":"05:04","startHours":28.074701350698973,"endHours":29.074701350698973,"planetary_lord":"Mars"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"South-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Sushira","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Śarad (Autumn)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-21.729674764322517,"eotMinutes":10.131050600400467,"ayanamsa":24.1871}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2080,"vikram_samvatsara":"Nala","saka_samvat":1945,"saka_samvatsara":"Śobhana","bengali_samvat":1430,"malayalam_era":1199,"nanakshahi_year":554,"lunar_month":"Mārgaśīrṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Mārgaśīrṣa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Vṛścika (Kārttikai)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Mārgaśīrṣa Kṛṣṇa Caturthī · Vikram 2080 Nala · Śaka 1945 Śobhana"},"festivals":[{"id":"vrischika-sankranti","name":"Vṛścika Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"वृश्चिक सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Scorpio.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Vṛścika"},"precedence":5},{"id":"sankashti-chaturthi","name":"Saṅkaṣṭī Caturthī","name_sanskrit":"सङ्कष्टी चतुर्थी","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Gaṇeśa","significance":"Monthly Gaṇeśa vrata.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":19,"tithi_paksha":"Kṛṣṇa"},"precedence":6}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shukra-walk","name":"Śukra Walk","name_sanskrit":"शुक्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Beauty + creativity in dharma + BG 10.36.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/shukra-walk"},"reason":"Śukravāra (Friday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-1626101-04-03","event":"Bhagavān Rāma's birth at Ayodhyā","chart_id":"rama","shared_marker":"same Punarvasu","url":"/day/-1626101-04-03","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 1, 2023 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 1, 2023 CE for Perth, Australia: Kṛṣṇa Caturthī, sūryodaya 05:04, sūryāsta 19:08.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2023-12-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2023-12-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2023-12-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2023-12-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2023-12-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T22:24:30.783Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T22:24:30.783Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T22:24:30.783Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}