{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:2023-09-30:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2023-09-30","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2023-09-30","date_display":"September 30, 2023 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":9,"day":30,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460217.770833,"kali_year":5125,"ahargana":1871752.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":161.6472,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":350.8824,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":16,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pratipada","elongation_degrees":189.2352,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":9.2352},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":350.8824,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.2157},"yoga":{"number":12,"name":"Dhruva","sum_longitude":152.5296},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":31,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2023,"month":9,"day":30,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460217.770833,"ahargana":1871752.2708,"kali_year":5125,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1847,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":162.449747,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":351.029347,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-1.1389},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":177.38474700000006,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":147.08554700000002,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":20.340846999999997,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":118.32534699999997,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":307.4242469999999,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":5.5572,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":185.5572,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":9,"day":30,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460217.770833,"kali_year":5125,"ahargana":1871752.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":161.6472,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":350.8824,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":16,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pratipada","elongation_degrees":189.2352,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":9.2352},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":350.8824,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.2157},"yoga":{"number":12,"name":"Dhruva","sum_longitude":152.5296},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":31,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.139,"elongation":170.765},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.139,"opposition_distance":9.235}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"05:55","sunsetLocal":"18:16","solarNoonLocal":"12:06","dayLengthHours":12.350321061009435,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 21 Mins 01 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 38 Mins 59 Secs","moonriseLocal":"18:52","moonsetLocal":"06:28","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"09:00","end":"10:33","startHours":9.007641796164549,"endHours":10.551431928790727,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:38","end":"15:11","startHours":13.639012194043087,"endHours":15.182802326669265,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"05:55","end":"07:28","startHours":5.920061530912189,"endHours":7.463851663538369,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:48","end":"09:13","startHours":8.80180311181439,"endHours":9.213480480514706,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:26","end":"06:46","startHours":6.434658241787583,"endHours":6.764000136747835,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:41","end":"12:30","startHours":11.683544692716593,"endHours":12.50689943011722,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:16","end":"05:06","startHours":4.273352056110931,"endHours":5.096706793511561,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:53","end":"05:55","startHours":4.890868109161403,"endHours":5.920061530912189,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:09","end":"14:59","startHours":14.15360890491848,"endHours":14.97696364231911,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:04","end":"18:28","startHours":18.070382591921625,"endHours":18.470382591921624,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:16","end":"18:47","startHours":18.270382591921624,"endHours":18.784979302797016,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:01","end":"19:46","startHours":18.020382591921624,"endHours":19.770382591921624,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:41","end":"00:30","startHours":23.68354469271659,"endHours":24.50689943011722,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"05:55","end":"07:28","startHours":5.920061530912189,"endHours":7.463851663538369,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"07:28","end":"09:00","startHours":7.463851663538369,"endHours":9.007641796164549,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:00","end":"10:33","startHours":9.007641796164549,"endHours":10.551431928790727,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:33","end":"12:06","startHours":10.551431928790727,"endHours":12.095222061416907,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:06","end":"13:38","startHours":12.095222061416907,"endHours":13.639012194043087,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:38","end":"15:11","startHours":13.639012194043087,"endHours":15.182802326669265,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:11","end":"16:44","startHours":15.182802326669265,"endHours":16.726592459295446,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"16:44","end":"18:16","startHours":16.726592459295446,"endHours":18.270382591921624,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"18:16","end":"19:44","startHours":18.270382591921624,"endHours":19.726592459295446,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:44","end":"21:11","startHours":19.726592459295446,"endHours":21.182802326669265,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:11","end":"22:38","startHours":21.182802326669265,"endHours":22.639012194043087,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:38","end":"00:06","startHours":22.639012194043087,"endHours":24.095222061416905,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:06","end":"01:33","startHours":24.095222061416905,"endHours":25.551431928790727,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:33","end":"03:00","startHours":25.551431928790727,"endHours":27.00764179616455,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:00","end":"04:28","startHours":27.00764179616455,"endHours":28.46385166353837,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"04:28","end":"05:55","startHours":28.46385166353837,"endHours":29.92006153091219,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:55","end":"06:55","startHours":5.920061530912189,"endHours":6.920061530912189,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:55","end":"07:55","startHours":6.920061530912189,"endHours":7.920061530912189,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:55","end":"08:55","startHours":7.920061530912189,"endHours":8.92006153091219,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:55","end":"09:55","startHours":8.92006153091219,"endHours":9.92006153091219,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:55","end":"10:55","startHours":9.92006153091219,"endHours":10.92006153091219,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:55","end":"11:55","startHours":10.92006153091219,"endHours":11.92006153091219,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:55","end":"12:55","startHours":11.92006153091219,"endHours":12.92006153091219,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:55","end":"13:55","startHours":12.92006153091219,"endHours":13.92006153091219,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:55","end":"14:55","startHours":13.92006153091219,"endHours":14.92006153091219,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:55","end":"15:55","startHours":14.92006153091219,"endHours":15.92006153091219,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:55","end":"16:55","startHours":15.92006153091219,"endHours":16.92006153091219,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:55","end":"17:55","startHours":16.92006153091219,"endHours":17.92006153091219,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:55","end":"18:55","startHours":17.92006153091219,"endHours":18.92006153091219,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:55","end":"19:55","startHours":18.92006153091219,"endHours":19.92006153091219,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:55","end":"20:55","startHours":19.92006153091219,"endHours":20.92006153091219,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:55","end":"21:55","startHours":20.92006153091219,"endHours":21.92006153091219,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:55","end":"22:55","startHours":21.92006153091219,"endHours":22.92006153091219,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:55","end":"23:55","startHours":22.92006153091219,"endHours":23.92006153091219,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:55","end":"00:55","startHours":23.92006153091219,"endHours":24.92006153091219,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:55","end":"01:55","startHours":24.92006153091219,"endHours":25.92006153091219,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:55","end":"02:55","startHours":25.92006153091219,"endHours":26.92006153091219,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:55","end":"03:55","startHours":26.92006153091219,"endHours":27.92006153091219,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:55","end":"04:55","startHours":27.92006153091219,"endHours":28.92006153091219,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:55","end":"05:55","startHours":28.92006153091219,"endHours":29.92006153091219,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Gada","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śarad (Autumn) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-2.6337696410444944,"eotMinutes":10.844676314985584,"ayanamsa":24.1847}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2080,"vikram_samvatsara":"Nala","saka_samvat":1945,"saka_samvatsara":"Śobhana","bengali_samvat":1430,"malayalam_era":1199,"nanakshahi_year":554,"lunar_month":"Āśvina","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Āśvina Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Kanyā (Puraṭṭāsi)","ritu":"Śarad (Autumn)","display_summary":"Āśvina Kṛṣṇa Pratipada · Vikram 2080 Nala · Śaka 1945 Śobhana"},"festivals":[{"id":"kanya-sankranti","name":"Kanyā Saṅkrānti (Mahālaya begins)","name_sanskrit":"कन्या सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Virgo; Mahālaya / Pitṛ-Pakṣa solar marker.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Kanyā"},"precedence":4}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga September 30, 2023 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"September 30, 2023 CE for Perth, Australia: Kṛṣṇa Pratipada, sūryodaya 05:55, sūryāsta 18:16.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2023-09-30","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2023-09-30","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2023-09-30","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2023-09-30","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2023-09-30"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T16:33:34.100Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T16:33:34.100Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T16:33:34.100Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}