{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:2023-09-16:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2023-09-16","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2023-09-16","date_display":"September 16, 2023 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":9,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460203.770833,"kali_year":5125,"ahargana":1871738.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":147.968,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":159.8516,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":1,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pratipada","elongation_degrees":11.8836,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.8836},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":4,"moon_longitude":159.8516,"elapsed_within_degrees":13.185},"yoga":{"number":24,"name":"Śukla","sum_longitude":307.8196},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":1,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2023,"month":9,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460203.770833,"ahargana":1871738.2708,"kali_year":5125,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1842,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":148.753282,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":159.47318199999995,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":2.0025},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":168.13258199999996,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":133.588482,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":21.191081999999994,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":110.18958199999997,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":308.288282,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":6.299,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":186.299,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":9,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460203.770833,"kali_year":5125,"ahargana":1871738.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":147.968,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":159.8516,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":1,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pratipada","elongation_degrees":11.8836,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.8836},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":4,"moon_longitude":159.8516,"elapsed_within_degrees":13.185},"yoga":{"number":24,"name":"Śukla","sum_longitude":307.8196},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":1,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.003,"elongation":11.884},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.003,"opposition_distance":168.116}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"06:14","sunsetLocal":"18:08","solarNoonLocal":"12:11","dayLengthHours":11.89777378344924,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 53 Mins 52 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 06 Mins 08 Secs","moonriseLocal":"06:47","moonsetLocal":"19:00","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"09:12","end":"10:41","startHours":9.203718036958877,"endHours":10.690939759890032,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:40","end":"15:09","startHours":13.665383205752342,"endHours":15.152604928683498,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"06:14","end":"07:43","startHours":6.2292745910965674,"endHours":7.716496314027722,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:00","end":"09:24","startHours":9.005421807234724,"endHours":9.402014266683032,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:44","end":"07:03","startHours":6.725015165406952,"endHours":7.042289132965599,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:47","end":"12:34","startHours":11.78156902337288,"endHours":12.574753942269497,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:39","end":"05:26","startHours":4.642904753303336,"endHours":5.436089672199952,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:14","end":"06:14","startHours":5.237793442475797,"endHours":6.2292745910965674,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:10","end":"14:57","startHours":14.161123780062727,"endHours":14.954308698959343,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:56","end":"18:20","startHours":17.92704837454581,"endHours":18.327048374545807,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:08","end":"18:37","startHours":18.127048374545808,"endHours":18.622788948856194,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:53","end":"19:38","startHours":17.877048374545808,"endHours":19.627048374545808,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:47","end":"00:34","startHours":23.78156902337288,"endHours":24.574753942269496,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"06:14","end":"07:43","startHours":6.2292745910965674,"endHours":7.716496314027722,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"07:43","end":"09:12","startHours":7.716496314027722,"endHours":9.203718036958877,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:12","end":"10:41","startHours":9.203718036958877,"endHours":10.690939759890032,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:41","end":"12:11","startHours":10.690939759890032,"endHours":12.178161482821189,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:11","end":"13:40","startHours":12.178161482821189,"endHours":13.665383205752342,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:40","end":"15:09","startHours":13.665383205752342,"endHours":15.152604928683498,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:09","end":"16:38","startHours":15.152604928683498,"endHours":16.639826651614655,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"16:38","end":"18:08","startHours":16.639826651614655,"endHours":18.127048374545808,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"18:08","end":"19:38","startHours":18.127048374545808,"endHours":19.63982665161465,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:38","end":"21:09","startHours":19.63982665161465,"endHours":21.1526049286835,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:09","end":"22:40","startHours":21.1526049286835,"endHours":22.66538320575234,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:40","end":"00:11","startHours":22.66538320575234,"endHours":24.17816148282119,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:11","end":"01:41","startHours":24.17816148282119,"endHours":25.690939759890032,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:41","end":"03:12","startHours":25.690939759890032,"endHours":27.203718036958875,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:12","end":"04:43","startHours":27.203718036958875,"endHours":28.716496314027722,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"04:43","end":"06:14","startHours":28.716496314027722,"endHours":30.22927459109657,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:14","end":"07:14","startHours":6.2292745910965674,"endHours":7.2292745910965674,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:14","end":"08:14","startHours":7.2292745910965674,"endHours":8.229274591096567,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:14","end":"09:14","startHours":8.229274591096567,"endHours":9.229274591096567,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:14","end":"10:14","startHours":9.229274591096567,"endHours":10.229274591096567,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:14","end":"11:14","startHours":10.229274591096567,"endHours":11.229274591096567,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:14","end":"12:14","startHours":11.229274591096567,"endHours":12.229274591096567,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:14","end":"13:14","startHours":12.229274591096567,"endHours":13.229274591096567,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:14","end":"14:14","startHours":13.229274591096567,"endHours":14.229274591096567,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:14","end":"15:14","startHours":14.229274591096567,"endHours":15.229274591096567,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:14","end":"16:14","startHours":15.229274591096567,"endHours":16.22927459109657,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:14","end":"17:14","startHours":16.22927459109657,"endHours":17.22927459109657,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:14","end":"18:14","startHours":17.22927459109657,"endHours":18.22927459109657,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:14","end":"19:14","startHours":18.22927459109657,"endHours":19.22927459109657,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:14","end":"20:14","startHours":19.22927459109657,"endHours":20.22927459109657,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:14","end":"21:14","startHours":20.22927459109657,"endHours":21.22927459109657,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:14","end":"22:14","startHours":21.22927459109657,"endHours":22.22927459109657,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:14","end":"23:14","startHours":22.22927459109657,"endHours":23.22927459109657,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:14","end":"00:14","startHours":23.22927459109657,"endHours":24.22927459109657,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:14","end":"01:14","startHours":24.22927459109657,"endHours":25.22927459109657,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:14","end":"02:14","startHours":25.22927459109657,"endHours":26.22927459109657,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:14","end":"03:14","startHours":26.22927459109657,"endHours":27.22927459109657,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:14","end":"04:14","startHours":27.22927459109657,"endHours":28.22927459109657,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:14","end":"05:14","startHours":28.22927459109657,"endHours":29.22927459109657,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:14","end":"06:14","startHours":29.22927459109657,"endHours":30.22927459109657,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"North-West","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Śrīvatsa","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":2.8030026830018535,"eotMinutes":5.868311030728706,"ayanamsa":24.1842}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2080,"vikram_samvatsara":"Nala","saka_samvat":1945,"saka_samvatsara":"Śobhana","bengali_samvat":1430,"malayalam_era":1199,"nanakshahi_year":554,"lunar_month":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Bhādrapada Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Siṃha (Āvaṇi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Bhādrapada Śukla Pratipada · Vikram 2080 Nala · Śaka 1945 Śobhana"},"festivals":[{"id":"simha-sankranti","name":"Siṁha Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"सिंह सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Leo.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Siṃha"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga September 16, 2023 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"September 16, 2023 CE for Perth, Australia: Śukla Pratipada, sūryodaya 06:14, sūryāsta 18:08.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2023-09-16","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2023-09-16","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2023-09-16","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2023-09-16","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2023-09-16"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T16:06:57.150Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T16:06:57.150Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T16:06:57.150Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}