{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:2023-08-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2023-08-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2023-08-28","date_display":"August 28, 2023 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":8,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460184.770833,"kali_year":5125,"ahargana":1871719.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":129.5992,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":269.0337,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":12,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":139.4344,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.4344},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":269.0337,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.367},"yoga":{"number":3,"name":"Āyuṣmān","sum_longitude":38.6329},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":23,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2023,"month":8,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460184.770833,"ahargana":1871719.2708,"kali_year":5125,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1834,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":130.32570799999996,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":267.37750800000003,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.4531},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":155.81360799999993,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":146.656208,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":21.321008000000006,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":108.54380800000001,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":309.67630800000006,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":7.3057,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":187.3057,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":8,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460184.770833,"kali_year":5125,"ahargana":1871719.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":129.5992,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":269.0337,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":12,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":139.4344,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.4344},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":269.0337,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.367},"yoga":{"number":3,"name":"Āyuṣmān","sum_longitude":38.6329},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":23,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.453,"elongation":139.434},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.453,"opposition_distance":40.566}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"06:38","sunsetLocal":"17:56","solarNoonLocal":"12:17","dayLengthHours":11.304133117960625,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 18 Mins 15 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 41 Mins 45 Secs","moonriseLocal":"14:25","moonsetLocal":"04:26","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"08:03","end":"09:28","startHours":8.050425559447836,"endHours":9.463442199192915,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"10:53","end":"12:17","startHours":10.876458838937992,"endHours":12.28947547868307,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"13:42","end":"15:07","startHours":13.702492118428149,"endHours":15.115508758173227,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:17","end":"09:39","startHours":9.275039980560237,"endHours":9.651844417825592,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:07","end":"07:25","startHours":7.108414466284451,"endHours":7.4098580160967344,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:55","end":"12:40","startHours":11.912671041417715,"endHours":12.666279915948424,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:08","end":"05:53","startHours":5.130191170641341,"endHours":5.88380004517205,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:42","end":"06:38","startHours":5.695397826539373,"endHours":6.637408919702758,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:10","end":"14:56","startHours":14.17349766500984,"endHours":14.92710653954055,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:44","end":"18:08","startHours":17.741542037663383,"endHours":18.14154203766338,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:56","end":"18:25","startHours":17.941542037663382,"endHours":18.412547584245075,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:41","end":"19:26","startHours":17.691542037663382,"endHours":19.441542037663382,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:55","end":"00:40","startHours":23.912671041417717,"endHours":24.666279915948422,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"06:38","end":"08:03","startHours":6.637408919702758,"endHours":8.050425559447836,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"08:03","end":"09:28","startHours":8.050425559447836,"endHours":9.463442199192915,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"09:28","end":"10:53","startHours":9.463442199192915,"endHours":10.876458838937992,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"10:53","end":"12:17","startHours":10.876458838937992,"endHours":12.28947547868307,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"12:17","end":"13:42","startHours":12.28947547868307,"endHours":13.702492118428149,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"13:42","end":"15:07","startHours":13.702492118428149,"endHours":15.115508758173227,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"15:07","end":"16:32","startHours":15.115508758173227,"endHours":16.528525397918305,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"16:32","end":"17:56","startHours":16.528525397918305,"endHours":17.941542037663382,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"17:56","end":"19:32","startHours":17.941542037663382,"endHours":19.528525397918305,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"19:32","end":"21:07","startHours":19.528525397918305,"endHours":21.115508758173227,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"21:07","end":"22:42","startHours":21.115508758173227,"endHours":22.702492118428147,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"22:42","end":"00:17","startHours":22.702492118428147,"endHours":24.28947547868307,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"00:17","end":"01:53","startHours":24.28947547868307,"endHours":25.876458838937992,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"01:53","end":"03:28","startHours":25.876458838937992,"endHours":27.46344219919291,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"03:28","end":"05:03","startHours":27.46344219919291,"endHours":29.050425559447834,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"05:03","end":"06:38","startHours":29.050425559447834,"endHours":30.637408919702757,"quality":"neutral"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:38","end":"07:38","startHours":6.637408919702758,"endHours":7.637408919702758,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:38","end":"08:38","startHours":7.637408919702758,"endHours":8.637408919702757,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:38","end":"09:38","startHours":8.637408919702757,"endHours":9.637408919702757,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:38","end":"10:38","startHours":9.637408919702757,"endHours":10.637408919702757,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:38","end":"11:38","startHours":10.637408919702757,"endHours":11.637408919702757,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:38","end":"12:38","startHours":11.637408919702757,"endHours":12.637408919702757,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:38","end":"13:38","startHours":12.637408919702757,"endHours":13.637408919702757,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:38","end":"14:38","startHours":13.637408919702757,"endHours":14.637408919702757,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:38","end":"15:38","startHours":14.637408919702757,"endHours":15.637408919702757,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:38","end":"16:38","startHours":15.637408919702757,"endHours":16.637408919702757,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:38","end":"17:38","startHours":16.637408919702757,"endHours":17.637408919702757,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:38","end":"18:38","startHours":17.637408919702757,"endHours":18.637408919702757,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:38","end":"19:38","startHours":18.637408919702757,"endHours":19.637408919702757,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:38","end":"20:38","startHours":19.637408919702757,"endHours":20.637408919702757,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:38","end":"21:38","startHours":20.637408919702757,"endHours":21.637408919702757,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:38","end":"22:38","startHours":21.637408919702757,"endHours":22.637408919702757,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:38","end":"23:38","startHours":22.637408919702757,"endHours":23.637408919702757,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:38","end":"00:38","startHours":23.637408919702757,"endHours":24.637408919702757,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:38","end":"01:38","startHours":24.637408919702757,"endHours":25.637408919702757,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:38","end":"02:38","startHours":25.637408919702757,"endHours":26.637408919702757,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:38","end":"03:38","startHours":26.637408919702757,"endHours":27.637408919702757,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:38","end":"04:38","startHours":27.637408919702757,"endHours":28.637408919702757,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:38","end":"05:38","startHours":28.637408919702757,"endHours":29.637408919702757,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:38","end":"06:38","startHours":29.637408919702757,"endHours":30.637408919702757,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Rākṣasa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":9.855920307545727,"eotMinutes":-0.8105287209842176,"ayanamsa":24.1834}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2080,"vikram_samvatsara":"Nala","saka_samvat":1945,"saka_samvatsara":"Śobhana","bengali_samvat":1430,"malayalam_era":1199,"nanakshahi_year":554,"lunar_month":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Bhādrapada Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Siṃha (Āvaṇi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Bhādrapada Śukla Dvādaśī · Vikram 2080 Nala · Śaka 1945 Śobhana"},"festivals":[{"id":"vamana-jayanti","name":"Vāmana Jayantī","name_sanskrit":"वामन जयन्ती","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Vāmana (5th daśāvatāra of Krishna)","deity_avatara_index":15,"significance":"Vāmana's three-step measure of all worlds; Bali's surrender. (= Onam in Kerala.)","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":12,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Bhādrapada"},"precedence":2,"sources":["Bhāgavata 8.18-22"]},{"id":"simha-sankranti","name":"Siṁha Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"सिंह सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Leo.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Siṃha"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"chandra-walk","name":"Candra Walk","name_sanskrit":"चन्द्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Manas-control + BG 6.5-7.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/chandra-walk"},"reason":"Somavāra (Monday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga August 28, 2023 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"August 28, 2023 CE for Perth, Australia: Śukla Dvādaśī, sūryodaya 06:38, sūryāsta 17:56.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2023-08-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2023-08-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2023-08-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2023-08-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2023-08-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T04:37:52.968Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T04:37:52.968Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T04:37:52.968Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}