{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:2023-01-04:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2023-01-04","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2023-01-04","date_display":"January 4, 2023 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":1,"day":4,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459948.770833,"kali_year":5124,"ahargana":1871483.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":258.9608,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":45.9527,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"tithi":{"number":13,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":146.9919,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.9919},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":45.9527,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.9527},"yoga":{"number":23,"name":"Śubha","sum_longitude":304.9136},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":24,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2023,"month":1,"day":4,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459948.770833,"ahargana":1871483.2708,"kali_year":5124,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1744,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":259.226225,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":47.057124999999985,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":1.9811},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":44.17192499999999,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":266.8314250000001,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":337.408725,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":276.72322499999996,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":298.63042500000006,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":19.8101,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":199.8101,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":1,"day":4,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459948.770833,"kali_year":5124,"ahargana":1871483.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":258.9608,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":45.9527,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"tithi":{"number":13,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":146.9919,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.9919},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":45.9527,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.9527},"yoga":{"number":23,"name":"Śubha","sum_longitude":304.9136},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":24,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":1.981,"elongation":146.992},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":1.981,"opposition_distance":33.008}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"05:16","sunsetLocal":"19:27","solarNoonLocal":"12:22","dayLengthHours":14.170096212012412,"dayLengthDisplay":"14 Hours 10 Mins 12 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"9 Hours 49 Mins 48 Secs","moonriseLocal":"17:09","moonsetLocal":"03:17","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"12:22","end":"14:08","startHours":12.359698447755768,"endHours":14.13096047425732,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"07:03","end":"08:49","startHours":7.045912368251113,"endHours":8.817174394752664,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"10:35","end":"12:22","startHours":10.588436421254215,"endHours":12.359698447755768,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:35","end":"09:03","startHours":8.581006124552458,"endHours":9.053342664952872,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:52","end":"06:15","startHours":5.865071017250078,"endHours":6.24294024957041,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:53","end":"12:50","startHours":11.887361907355354,"endHours":12.832034988156183,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:23","end":"04:20","startHours":3.3853041801479065,"endHours":4.329977260948734,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:06","end":"05:16","startHours":4.093808990748527,"endHours":5.274650341749561,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:43","end":"15:40","startHours":14.721381149757836,"endHours":15.666054230558663,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:15","end":"19:39","startHours":19.244746553761974,"endHours":19.644746553761973,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:27","end":"20:02","startHours":19.444746553761973,"endHours":20.03516722926249,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"19:12","end":"20:57","startHours":19.194746553761973,"endHours":20.944746553761973,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:53","end":"00:50","startHours":23.887361907355356,"endHours":24.83203498815618,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"05:16","end":"07:03","startHours":5.274650341749561,"endHours":7.045912368251113,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"07:03","end":"08:49","startHours":7.045912368251113,"endHours":8.817174394752664,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"08:49","end":"10:35","startHours":8.817174394752664,"endHours":10.588436421254215,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"10:35","end":"12:22","startHours":10.588436421254215,"endHours":12.359698447755768,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"12:22","end":"14:08","startHours":12.359698447755768,"endHours":14.13096047425732,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"14:08","end":"15:54","startHours":14.13096047425732,"endHours":15.902222500758871,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"15:54","end":"17:40","startHours":15.902222500758871,"endHours":17.67348452726042,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"17:40","end":"19:27","startHours":17.67348452726042,"endHours":19.444746553761973,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"19:27","end":"20:40","startHours":19.444746553761973,"endHours":20.67348452726042,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"20:40","end":"21:54","startHours":20.67348452726042,"endHours":21.90222250075887,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"21:54","end":"23:08","startHours":21.90222250075887,"endHours":23.130960474257318,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"23:08","end":"00:22","startHours":23.130960474257318,"endHours":24.35969844775577,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"00:22","end":"01:35","startHours":24.35969844775577,"endHours":25.588436421254215,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"01:35","end":"02:49","startHours":25.588436421254215,"endHours":26.817174394752662,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"02:49","end":"04:03","startHours":26.817174394752662,"endHours":28.045912368251113,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"04:03","end":"05:16","startHours":28.045912368251113,"endHours":29.274650341749563,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:16","end":"06:16","startHours":5.274650341749561,"endHours":6.274650341749561,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:16","end":"07:16","startHours":6.274650341749561,"endHours":7.274650341749561,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:16","end":"08:16","startHours":7.274650341749561,"endHours":8.274650341749561,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:16","end":"09:16","startHours":8.274650341749561,"endHours":9.274650341749561,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:16","end":"10:16","startHours":9.274650341749561,"endHours":10.274650341749561,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:16","end":"11:16","startHours":10.274650341749561,"endHours":11.274650341749561,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:16","end":"12:16","startHours":11.274650341749561,"endHours":12.274650341749561,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:16","end":"13:16","startHours":12.274650341749561,"endHours":13.274650341749561,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:16","end":"14:16","startHours":13.274650341749561,"endHours":14.274650341749561,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:16","end":"15:16","startHours":14.274650341749561,"endHours":15.274650341749561,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:16","end":"16:16","startHours":15.274650341749561,"endHours":16.274650341749563,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:16","end":"17:16","startHours":16.274650341749563,"endHours":17.274650341749563,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:16","end":"18:16","startHours":17.274650341749563,"endHours":18.274650341749563,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:16","end":"19:16","startHours":18.274650341749563,"endHours":19.274650341749563,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:16","end":"20:16","startHours":19.274650341749563,"endHours":20.274650341749563,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:16","end":"21:16","startHours":20.274650341749563,"endHours":21.274650341749563,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:16","end":"22:16","startHours":21.274650341749563,"endHours":22.274650341749563,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:16","end":"23:16","startHours":22.274650341749563,"endHours":23.274650341749563,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:16","end":"00:16","startHours":23.274650341749563,"endHours":24.274650341749563,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:16","end":"01:16","startHours":24.274650341749563,"endHours":25.274650341749563,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:16","end":"02:16","startHours":25.274650341749563,"endHours":26.274650341749563,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:16","end":"03:16","startHours":26.274650341749563,"endHours":27.274650341749563,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:16","end":"04:16","startHours":27.274650341749563,"endHours":28.274650341749563,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:16","end":"05:16","startHours":28.274650341749563,"endHours":29.274650341749563,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Utpāta","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-22.761965219917975,"eotMinutes":-5.02390686534617,"ayanamsa":24.1744}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2080,"vikram_samvatsara":"Nala","saka_samvat":1945,"saka_samvatsara":"Śobhana","bengali_samvat":1430,"malayalam_era":1199,"nanakshahi_year":554,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Śukla Trayodaśī · Vikram 2080 Nala · Śaka 1945 Śobhana"},"festivals":[{"id":"lohri","name":"Lohri","name_sanskrit":"लोहड़ी","tradition":"Regional","significance":"Punjab harvest festival; eve of Makara Saṅkrānti. (Approximated as 13/14 January annually; correct via Sun in Dhanu/Makara cusp.)","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":4},{"id":"dhanu-sankranti","name":"Dhanu Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"धनु सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Sagittarius; Dhanu-māsa (Khara-māsa).","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":5},{"id":"pradosha-vrata","name":"Pradoṣa Vrata","name_sanskrit":"प्रदोष व्रत","tradition":"Shaiva","associated_deity":"Śiva","significance":"Twilight worship of Śiva on Trayodaśī.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":13},{"tithi_number":28}]},"precedence":7}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3226-07-09","event":"Bhagavān Krishna's birth at Mathurā","chart_id":"krishna","shared_marker":"same Rohiṇī","url":"/day/-3226-07-09","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 4, 2023 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 4, 2023 CE for Perth, Australia: Śukla Trayodaśī, sūryodaya 05:16, sūryāsta 19:27.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2023-01-04","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2023-01-04","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2023-01-04","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2023-01-04","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2023-01-04"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T16:57:55.545Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T16:57:55.545Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T16:57:55.545Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}