{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:2021-05-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2021-05-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2021-05-31","date_display":"May 31, 2021 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2021,"month":5,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459365.770833,"kali_year":5123,"ahargana":1870900.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":45.5113,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":285.4645,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":239.9532,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.9532},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2,"moon_longitude":285.4645,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.4645},"yoga":{"number":25,"name":"Brahma","sum_longitude":330.9759},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":39,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2021,"month":5,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459365.770833,"ahargana":1870900.2708,"kali_year":5123,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1521,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":45.680199000000016,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":287.94729899999993,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.6743},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":88.47809900000004,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":60.38489900000002,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":307.33539900000005,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":62.511499000000015,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":289.337499,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":50.7002,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":230.7002,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2021,"month":5,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459365.770833,"kali_year":5123,"ahargana":1870900.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":45.5113,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":285.4645,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":239.9532,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.9532},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2,"moon_longitude":285.4645,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.4645},"yoga":{"number":25,"name":"Brahma","sum_longitude":330.9759},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":39,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.674,"elongation":120.047},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.674,"opposition_distance":59.953}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"07:08","sunsetLocal":"17:20","solarNoonLocal":"12:14","dayLengthHours":10.207236686296746,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 12 Mins 26 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 47 Mins 34 Secs","moonriseLocal":"21:36","moonsetLocal":"11:10","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"08:24","end":"09:41","startHours":8.406593463336389,"endHours":9.682498049123481,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"10:58","end":"12:14","startHours":10.958402634910575,"endHours":12.23430722069767,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"13:31","end":"14:47","startHours":13.510211806484762,"endHours":14.786116392271854,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:31","end":"09:51","startHours":9.512377437685203,"endHours":9.852618660561761,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:33","end":"07:50","startHours":7.555990406144994,"endHours":7.82818338444624,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:54","end":"12:34","startHours":11.89406599782111,"endHours":12.574548443574228,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:46","end":"06:27","startHours":5.769723986043063,"endHours":6.450206431796179,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:17","end":"07:08","startHours":6.2800858203579,"endHours":7.130688877549296,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:56","end":"14:37","startHours":13.935513335080458,"endHours":14.615995780833574,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:08","end":"17:32","startHours":17.137925563846043,"endHours":17.53792556384604,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:20","end":"17:46","startHours":17.337925563846042,"endHours":17.76322709244174,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:05","end":"18:50","startHours":17.087925563846042,"endHours":18.837925563846042,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:54","end":"00:34","startHours":23.894065997821112,"endHours":24.574548443574226,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"07:08","end":"08:24","startHours":7.130688877549296,"endHours":8.406593463336389,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"08:24","end":"09:41","startHours":8.406593463336389,"endHours":9.682498049123481,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"09:41","end":"10:58","startHours":9.682498049123481,"endHours":10.958402634910575,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"10:58","end":"12:14","startHours":10.958402634910575,"endHours":12.23430722069767,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"12:14","end":"13:31","startHours":12.23430722069767,"endHours":13.510211806484762,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"13:31","end":"14:47","startHours":13.510211806484762,"endHours":14.786116392271854,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"14:47","end":"16:04","startHours":14.786116392271854,"endHours":16.06202097805895,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"16:04","end":"17:20","startHours":16.06202097805895,"endHours":17.337925563846042,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"17:20","end":"19:04","startHours":17.337925563846042,"endHours":19.06202097805895,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"19:04","end":"20:47","startHours":19.06202097805895,"endHours":20.786116392271857,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"20:47","end":"22:31","startHours":20.786116392271857,"endHours":22.51021180648476,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"22:31","end":"00:14","startHours":22.51021180648476,"endHours":24.23430722069767,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"00:14","end":"01:58","startHours":24.23430722069767,"endHours":25.958402634910577,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"01:58","end":"03:41","startHours":25.958402634910577,"endHours":27.68249804912348,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"03:41","end":"05:24","startHours":27.68249804912348,"endHours":29.40659346333639,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"05:24","end":"07:08","startHours":29.40659346333639,"endHours":31.130688877549296,"quality":"neutral"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:08","end":"08:08","startHours":7.130688877549296,"endHours":8.130688877549296,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:08","end":"09:08","startHours":8.130688877549296,"endHours":9.130688877549296,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:08","end":"10:08","startHours":9.130688877549296,"endHours":10.130688877549296,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:08","end":"11:08","startHours":10.130688877549296,"endHours":11.130688877549296,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:08","end":"12:08","startHours":11.130688877549296,"endHours":12.130688877549296,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:08","end":"13:08","startHours":12.130688877549296,"endHours":13.130688877549296,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:08","end":"14:08","startHours":13.130688877549296,"endHours":14.130688877549296,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:08","end":"15:08","startHours":14.130688877549296,"endHours":15.130688877549296,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:08","end":"16:08","startHours":15.130688877549296,"endHours":16.130688877549296,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:08","end":"17:08","startHours":16.130688877549296,"endHours":17.130688877549296,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:08","end":"18:08","startHours":17.130688877549296,"endHours":18.130688877549296,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:08","end":"19:08","startHours":18.130688877549296,"endHours":19.130688877549296,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:08","end":"20:08","startHours":19.130688877549296,"endHours":20.130688877549296,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:08","end":"21:08","startHours":20.130688877549296,"endHours":21.130688877549296,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:08","end":"22:08","startHours":21.130688877549296,"endHours":22.130688877549296,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:08","end":"23:08","startHours":22.130688877549296,"endHours":23.130688877549296,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:08","end":"00:08","startHours":23.130688877549296,"endHours":24.130688877549296,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:08","end":"01:08","startHours":24.130688877549296,"endHours":25.130688877549296,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:08","end":"02:08","startHours":25.130688877549296,"endHours":26.130688877549296,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:08","end":"03:08","startHours":26.130688877549296,"endHours":27.130688877549296,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:08","end":"04:08","startHours":27.130688877549296,"endHours":28.130688877549296,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:08","end":"05:08","startHours":28.130688877549296,"endHours":29.130688877549296,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:08","end":"06:08","startHours":29.130688877549296,"endHours":30.130688877549296,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:08","end":"07:08","startHours":30.130688877549296,"endHours":31.130688877549296,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Cara","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":21.922153264772895,"eotMinutes":2.4995667581397525,"ayanamsa":24.1521}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2078,"vikram_samvatsara":"Ānanda","saka_samvat":1943,"saka_samvatsara":"Plava","bengali_samvat":1428,"malayalam_era":1197,"nanakshahi_year":552,"lunar_month":"Jyeṣṭha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Jyeṣṭha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Vṛṣabha (Vaikāsi)","ritu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","display_summary":"Jyeṣṭha Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī · Vikram 2078 Ānanda · Śaka 1943 Plava"},"festivals":[{"id":"vrishabha-sankranti","name":"Vṛṣabha Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"वृषभ सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Taurus.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Vṛṣabha"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"chandra-walk","name":"Candra Walk","name_sanskrit":"चन्द्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Manas-control + BG 6.5-7.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/chandra-walk"},"reason":"Somavāra (Monday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga May 31, 2021 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"May 31, 2021 CE for Perth, Australia: Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī, sūryodaya 07:08, sūryāsta 17:20.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2021-05-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2021-05-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2021-05-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2021-05-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2021-05-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T22:40:07.760Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T22:40:07.760Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T22:40:07.760Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}