{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:2021-04-16:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2021-04-16","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2021-04-16","date_display":"April 16, 2021 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2021,"month":4,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459320.770833,"kali_year":5122,"ahargana":1870855.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":2.2083,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":48.5764,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"tithi":{"number":4,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Caturthī","elongation_degrees":46.3681,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.3681},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":48.5764,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.5764},"yoga":{"number":4,"name":"Saubhāgya","sum_longitude":50.7847},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":7,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2021,"month":4,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459320.770833,"ahargana":1870855.2708,"kali_year":5122,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1504,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":2.1315190000000257,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":44.85881899999998,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-0.3533},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":61.084419000000025,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":358.319119,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":301.83471899999995,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":7.149518999999998,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":288.26551900000004,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":53.0846,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":233.0846,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2021,"month":4,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459320.770833,"kali_year":5122,"ahargana":1870855.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":2.2083,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":48.5764,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"tithi":{"number":4,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Caturthī","elongation_degrees":46.3681,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.3681},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":48.5764,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.5764},"yoga":{"number":4,"name":"Saubhāgya","sum_longitude":50.7847},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":7,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.353,"elongation":46.368},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.353,"opposition_distance":133.632}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"06:38","sunsetLocal":"17:55","solarNoonLocal":"12:17","dayLengthHours":11.279501753975167,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 16 Mins 46 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 43 Mins 14 Secs","moonriseLocal":"10:02","moonsetLocal":"20:13","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"10:52","end":"12:17","startHours":10.865774095476464,"endHours":12.275711814723358,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"15:06","end":"16:30","startHours":15.09558725321715,"endHours":16.505524972464045,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"08:03","end":"09:27","startHours":8.045898656982672,"endHours":9.455836376229568,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:16","end":"09:39","startHours":9.267844680329981,"endHours":9.643828072129153,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:06","end":"07:24","startHours":7.105940177484741,"endHours":7.406726890924078,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:54","end":"12:39","startHours":11.899728422924186,"endHours":12.65169520652253,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:08","end":"05:53","startHours":5.132027370539087,"endHours":5.883994154137431,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:42","end":"06:38","startHours":5.696002458237846,"endHours":6.635960937735776,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:09","end":"14:54","startHours":14.15562877371922,"endHours":14.907595557317565,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:43","end":"18:07","startHours":17.715462691710943,"endHours":18.115462691710942,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:55","end":"18:23","startHours":17.915462691710943,"endHours":18.38544193145991,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:40","end":"19:25","startHours":17.665462691710943,"endHours":19.415462691710943,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:54","end":"00:39","startHours":23.899728422924188,"endHours":24.65169520652253,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"06:38","end":"08:03","startHours":6.635960937735776,"endHours":8.045898656982672,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"08:03","end":"09:27","startHours":8.045898656982672,"endHours":9.455836376229568,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"09:27","end":"10:52","startHours":9.455836376229568,"endHours":10.865774095476464,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"10:52","end":"12:17","startHours":10.865774095476464,"endHours":12.275711814723358,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"12:17","end":"13:41","startHours":12.275711814723358,"endHours":13.685649533970256,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"13:41","end":"15:06","startHours":13.685649533970256,"endHours":15.09558725321715,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"15:06","end":"16:30","startHours":15.09558725321715,"endHours":16.505524972464045,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"16:30","end":"17:55","startHours":16.505524972464045,"endHours":17.915462691710943,"quality":"neutral"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"17:55","end":"19:30","startHours":17.915462691710943,"endHours":19.50552497246405,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"19:30","end":"21:06","startHours":19.50552497246405,"endHours":21.09558725321715,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"21:06","end":"22:41","startHours":21.09558725321715,"endHours":22.685649533970256,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"22:41","end":"00:17","startHours":22.685649533970256,"endHours":24.27571181472336,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"00:17","end":"01:52","startHours":24.27571181472336,"endHours":25.865774095476464,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"01:52","end":"03:27","startHours":25.865774095476464,"endHours":27.45583637622957,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"03:27","end":"05:03","startHours":27.45583637622957,"endHours":29.045898656982672,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"05:03","end":"06:38","startHours":29.045898656982672,"endHours":30.635960937735774,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:38","end":"07:38","startHours":6.635960937735776,"endHours":7.635960937735776,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:38","end":"08:38","startHours":7.635960937735776,"endHours":8.635960937735776,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:38","end":"09:38","startHours":8.635960937735776,"endHours":9.635960937735776,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:38","end":"10:38","startHours":9.635960937735776,"endHours":10.635960937735776,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:38","end":"11:38","startHours":10.635960937735776,"endHours":11.635960937735776,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:38","end":"12:38","startHours":11.635960937735776,"endHours":12.635960937735776,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:38","end":"13:38","startHours":12.635960937735776,"endHours":13.635960937735776,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:38","end":"14:38","startHours":13.635960937735776,"endHours":14.635960937735776,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:38","end":"15:38","startHours":14.635960937735776,"endHours":15.635960937735776,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:38","end":"16:38","startHours":15.635960937735776,"endHours":16.635960937735774,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:38","end":"17:38","startHours":16.635960937735774,"endHours":17.635960937735774,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:38","end":"18:38","startHours":17.635960937735774,"endHours":18.635960937735774,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:38","end":"19:38","startHours":18.635960937735774,"endHours":19.635960937735774,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:38","end":"20:38","startHours":19.635960937735774,"endHours":20.635960937735774,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:38","end":"21:38","startHours":20.635960937735774,"endHours":21.635960937735774,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:38","end":"22:38","startHours":21.635960937735774,"endHours":22.635960937735774,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:38","end":"23:38","startHours":22.635960937735774,"endHours":23.635960937735774,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:38","end":"00:38","startHours":23.635960937735774,"endHours":24.635960937735774,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:38","end":"01:38","startHours":24.635960937735774,"endHours":25.635960937735774,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:38","end":"02:38","startHours":25.635960937735774,"endHours":26.635960937735774,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:38","end":"03:38","startHours":26.635960937735774,"endHours":27.635960937735774,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:38","end":"04:38","startHours":27.635960937735774,"endHours":28.635960937735774,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:38","end":"05:38","startHours":28.635960937735774,"endHours":29.635960937735774,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:38","end":"06:38","startHours":29.635960937735774,"endHours":30.635960937735774,"planetary_lord":"Mars"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"South-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mātaṇga","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":10.1433333537626,"eotMinutes":0.015291116598477705,"ayanamsa":24.1504}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2078,"vikram_samvatsara":"Ānanda","saka_samvat":1943,"saka_samvatsara":"Plava","bengali_samvat":1428,"malayalam_era":1197,"nanakshahi_year":552,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Śukla Caturthī · Vikram 2078 Ānanda · Śaka 1943 Plava"},"festivals":[{"id":"mesha-sankranti","name":"Meṣa Saṅkrānti (Vaiśākhī / Vishu / Pohelā Boishākh / Bihu)","name_sanskrit":"मेष सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Aries; solar new year. Regional: Vaiśākhī (Punjab) · Vishu (Kerala) · Pohelā Boishākh (Bengal) · Bihu (Assam) · Tamil Puthāṇḍu.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":1},{"id":"baisakhi","name":"Baisakhi (Vaiśākhī)","name_sanskrit":"वैशाखी","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya + Khalsa Pantha (Sikh)","significance":"Punjab New Year + Sikh Khalsa founding day.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":2},{"id":"vinayaka-chaturthi","name":"Vināyaka Caturthī (monthly)","name_sanskrit":"विनायक चतुर्थी","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Gaṇeśa","significance":"Monthly Śukla-pakṣa Caturthī; auspicious for new ventures.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":4,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla"},"precedence":6}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shukra-walk","name":"Śukra Walk","name_sanskrit":"शुक्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Beauty + creativity in dharma + BG 10.36.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/shukra-walk"},"reason":"Śukravāra (Friday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3226-07-09","event":"Bhagavān Krishna's birth at Mathurā","chart_id":"krishna","shared_marker":"same Rohiṇī","url":"/day/-3226-07-09","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga April 16, 2021 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"April 16, 2021 CE for Perth, Australia: Śukla Caturthī, sūryodaya 06:38, sūryāsta 17:55.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2021-04-16","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2021-04-16","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2021-04-16","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2021-04-16","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2021-04-16"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T21:40:54.984Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T21:40:54.984Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T21:40:54.984Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}