{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:2021-03-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2021-03-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2021-03-28","date_display":"March 28, 2021 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2021,"month":3,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459301.770833,"kali_year":5122,"ahargana":1870836.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":343.5606,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":152.3698,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":15,"name":"Pūrṇimā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pūrṇimā","elongation_degrees":168.8092,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.8092},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":152.3698,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.7031},"yoga":{"number":11,"name":"Vṛddhi","sum_longitude":135.9303},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":28,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2021,"month":3,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459301.770833,"ahargana":1870836.2708,"kali_year":5122,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1497,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":343.436445,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":153.22164499999997,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.453},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":49.680544999999995,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":323.435245,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":298.283145,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":343.595545,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":286.919445,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":54.0913,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":234.0913,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2021,"month":3,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459301.770833,"kali_year":5122,"ahargana":1870836.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":343.5606,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":152.3698,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":15,"name":"Pūrṇimā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pūrṇimā","elongation_degrees":168.8092,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.8092},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":152.3698,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.7031},"yoga":{"number":11,"name":"Vṛddhi","sum_longitude":135.9303},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":28,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.453,"elongation":168.809},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.453,"opposition_distance":11.191}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"06:26","sunsetLocal":"18:19","solarNoonLocal":"12:22","dayLengthHours":11.880552553106558,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 52 Mins 50 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 07 Mins 10 Secs","moonriseLocal":"17:41","moonsetLocal":"05:41","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"16:49","end":"18:19","startHours":16.82484291418832,"endHours":18.30991198332664,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:22","end":"13:51","startHours":12.36963570677336,"endHours":13.85470477591168,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:20","end":"16:49","startHours":15.33977384505,"endHours":16.82484291418832,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:12","end":"09:36","startHours":9.201488359278278,"endHours":9.597506777715164,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:55","end":"07:14","startHours":6.924382453266189,"endHours":7.241197188015697,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:58","end":"12:46","startHours":11.973617288336476,"endHours":12.765654125210245,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:51","end":"05:38","startHours":4.84528575647254,"endHours":5.637322593346311,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:26","end":"06:26","startHours":5.4393133841278685,"endHours":6.429359430220082,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:21","end":"15:09","startHours":14.349727798957787,"endHours":15.141764635831557,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:07","end":"18:31","startHours":18.10991198332664,"endHours":18.50991198332664,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:19","end":"18:48","startHours":18.30991198332664,"endHours":18.804935006372745,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:04","end":"19:49","startHours":18.05991198332664,"endHours":19.80991198332664,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:58","end":"00:46","startHours":23.973617288336474,"endHours":24.765654125210244,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:26","end":"07:55","startHours":6.429359430220082,"endHours":7.914428499358401,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"07:55","end":"09:24","startHours":7.914428499358401,"endHours":9.39949756849672,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:24","end":"10:53","startHours":9.39949756849672,"endHours":10.884566637635041,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:53","end":"12:22","startHours":10.884566637635041,"endHours":12.36963570677336,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:22","end":"13:51","startHours":12.36963570677336,"endHours":13.85470477591168,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"13:51","end":"15:20","startHours":13.85470477591168,"endHours":15.33977384505,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:20","end":"16:49","startHours":15.33977384505,"endHours":16.82484291418832,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"16:49","end":"18:19","startHours":16.82484291418832,"endHours":18.30991198332664,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:19","end":"19:49","startHours":18.30991198332664,"endHours":19.82484291418832,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"19:49","end":"21:20","startHours":19.82484291418832,"endHours":21.33977384505,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:20","end":"22:51","startHours":21.33977384505,"endHours":22.854704775911678,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"22:51","end":"00:22","startHours":22.854704775911678,"endHours":24.36963570677336,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:22","end":"01:53","startHours":24.36963570677336,"endHours":25.88456663763504,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:53","end":"03:24","startHours":25.88456663763504,"endHours":27.39949756849672,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:24","end":"04:55","startHours":27.39949756849672,"endHours":28.9144284993584,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"04:55","end":"06:26","startHours":28.9144284993584,"endHours":30.42935943022008,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:26","end":"07:26","startHours":6.429359430220082,"endHours":7.429359430220082,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:26","end":"08:26","startHours":7.429359430220082,"endHours":8.429359430220082,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:26","end":"09:26","startHours":8.429359430220082,"endHours":9.429359430220082,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:26","end":"10:26","startHours":9.429359430220082,"endHours":10.429359430220082,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:26","end":"11:26","startHours":10.429359430220082,"endHours":11.429359430220082,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:26","end":"12:26","startHours":11.429359430220082,"endHours":12.429359430220082,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:26","end":"13:26","startHours":12.429359430220082,"endHours":13.429359430220082,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:26","end":"14:26","startHours":13.429359430220082,"endHours":14.429359430220082,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:26","end":"15:26","startHours":14.429359430220082,"endHours":15.429359430220082,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:26","end":"16:26","startHours":15.429359430220082,"endHours":16.42935943022008,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:26","end":"17:26","startHours":16.42935943022008,"endHours":17.42935943022008,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:26","end":"18:26","startHours":17.42935943022008,"endHours":18.42935943022008,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:26","end":"19:26","startHours":18.42935943022008,"endHours":19.42935943022008,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:26","end":"20:26","startHours":19.42935943022008,"endHours":20.42935943022008,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:26","end":"21:26","startHours":20.42935943022008,"endHours":21.42935943022008,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:26","end":"22:26","startHours":21.42935943022008,"endHours":22.42935943022008,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:26","end":"23:26","startHours":22.42935943022008,"endHours":23.42935943022008,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:26","end":"00:26","startHours":23.42935943022008,"endHours":24.42935943022008,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:26","end":"01:26","startHours":24.42935943022008,"endHours":25.42935943022008,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:26","end":"02:26","startHours":25.42935943022008,"endHours":26.42935943022008,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:26","end":"03:26","startHours":26.42935943022008,"endHours":27.42935943022008,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:26","end":"04:26","startHours":27.42935943022008,"endHours":28.42935943022008,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:26","end":"05:26","startHours":28.42935943022008,"endHours":29.42935943022008,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:26","end":"06:26","startHours":29.42935943022008,"endHours":30.42935943022008,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"North-West","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Maitra","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":3.0098322319688102,"eotMinutes":-5.6201424064016345,"ayanamsa":24.1497}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2078,"vikram_samvatsara":"Ānanda","saka_samvat":1943,"saka_samvatsara":"Plava","bengali_samvat":1428,"malayalam_era":1197,"nanakshahi_year":552,"lunar_month":"Caitra","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Caitra Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mīna (Paṅkuṇi)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Caitra Śukla Pūrṇimā · Vikram 2078 Ānanda · Śaka 1943 Plava"},"festivals":[{"id":"hanuman-jayanti","name":"Hanumān Jayantī","name_sanskrit":"हनुमान जयन्ती","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Bhagavān Hanumān (Rudra-aṁśa, Rāma-bhakta)","significance":"Birth of Hanumān (Caitra Pūrṇimā tradition; some traditions Mārgaśīrṣa Kṛṣṇa 14).","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":15,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Caitra"},"precedence":1,"sources":["Vālmīki Rāmāyaṇa, Sundara-Kāṇḍa"]},{"id":"mina-sankranti","name":"Mīna Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"मीन सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Pisces; Mīna-māsa begins.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Mīna"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-10-04","event":"Mahābhārata Day 1 (Bhagavad Gītā delivered)","chart_id":"krishna","shared_marker":"same Śukla Pūrṇimā","url":"/day/-3137-10-04","relevance":0.5},{"historical_date":"-0562-04-11","event":"Bhagavān Buddha's birth at Lumbinī","chart_id":"buddha","shared_marker":"same Śukla Pūrṇimā","url":"/day/-0562-04-11","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga March 28, 2021 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"March 28, 2021 CE for Perth, Australia: Śukla Pūrṇimā, sūryodaya 06:26, sūryāsta 18:19.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2021-03-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2021-03-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2021-03-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2021-03-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2021-03-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T22:30:58.508Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T22:30:58.508Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T22:30:58.508Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}