{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:2021-01-18:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2021-01-18","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2021-01-18","date_display":"January 18, 2021 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2021,"month":1,"day":18,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459232.770833,"kali_year":5122,"ahargana":1870767.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":273.8763,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":333.3494,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":5,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":59.4731,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.4731},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":333.3494,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.0161},"yoga":{"number":19,"name":"Parigha","sum_longitude":247.2257},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":9,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2021,"month":1,"day":18,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459232.770833,"ahargana":1870767.2708,"kali_year":5122,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.147,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":274.0129810000001,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":332.7647810000001,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.4785},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":10.915881000000013,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":290.74948100000006,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":282.6007810000001,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":257.35458100000005,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":279.4721810000001,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":57.7472,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":237.7472,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2021,"month":1,"day":18,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459232.770833,"kali_year":5122,"ahargana":1870767.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":273.8763,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":333.3494,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":5,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":59.4731,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.4731},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":333.3494,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.0161},"yoga":{"number":19,"name":"Parigha","sum_longitude":247.2257},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":9,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.478,"elongation":59.473},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.478,"opposition_distance":120.527}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-19,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":1.091,"opposition_distance":1.549}]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"05:29","sunsetLocal":"19:25","solarNoonLocal":"12:27","dayLengthHours":13.944656914936154,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 56 Mins 41 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 03 Mins 19 Secs","moonriseLocal":"10:16","moonsetLocal":"22:28","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"07:13","end":"08:58","startHours":7.219207483260436,"endHours":8.962289597627455,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"10:42","end":"12:27","startHours":10.705371711994474,"endHours":12.448453826361494,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"14:11","end":"15:56","startHours":14.191535940728514,"endHours":15.934618055095532,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:44","end":"09:12","startHours":8.729878649045187,"endHours":9.194700546209724,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:03","end":"06:26","startHours":6.05715274034909,"endHours":6.429010258080721,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:59","end":"12:55","startHours":11.983631929196955,"endHours":12.913275723526032,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:37","end":"04:33","startHours":3.616837780235263,"endHours":4.54648157456434,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:19","end":"05:29","startHours":4.314070625982071,"endHours":5.476125368893417,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:46","end":"15:42","startHours":14.772563312184186,"endHours":15.702207106513264,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:13","end":"19:37","startHours":19.22078228382957,"endHours":19.62078228382957,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:25","end":"20:00","startHours":19.42078228382957,"endHours":20.001809655285243,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"19:10","end":"20:55","startHours":19.17078228382957,"endHours":20.92078228382957,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:59","end":"00:55","startHours":23.983631929196957,"endHours":24.91327572352603,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"05:29","end":"07:13","startHours":5.476125368893417,"endHours":7.219207483260436,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"07:13","end":"08:58","startHours":7.219207483260436,"endHours":8.962289597627455,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"08:58","end":"10:42","startHours":8.962289597627455,"endHours":10.705371711994474,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"10:42","end":"12:27","startHours":10.705371711994474,"endHours":12.448453826361494,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"12:27","end":"14:11","startHours":12.448453826361494,"endHours":14.191535940728514,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"14:11","end":"15:56","startHours":14.191535940728514,"endHours":15.934618055095532,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"15:56","end":"17:41","startHours":15.934618055095532,"endHours":17.67770016946255,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"17:41","end":"19:25","startHours":17.67770016946255,"endHours":19.42078228382957,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"19:25","end":"20:41","startHours":19.42078228382957,"endHours":20.67770016946255,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"20:41","end":"21:56","startHours":20.67770016946255,"endHours":21.934618055095534,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"21:56","end":"23:11","startHours":21.934618055095534,"endHours":23.191535940728514,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"23:11","end":"00:27","startHours":23.191535940728514,"endHours":24.448453826361494,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"00:27","end":"01:42","startHours":24.448453826361494,"endHours":25.705371711994474,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"01:42","end":"02:58","startHours":25.705371711994474,"endHours":26.962289597627453,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"02:58","end":"04:13","startHours":26.962289597627453,"endHours":28.219207483260437,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"04:13","end":"05:29","startHours":28.219207483260437,"endHours":29.476125368893417,"quality":"neutral"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:29","end":"06:29","startHours":5.476125368893417,"endHours":6.476125368893417,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:29","end":"07:29","startHours":6.476125368893417,"endHours":7.476125368893417,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:29","end":"08:29","startHours":7.476125368893417,"endHours":8.476125368893417,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:29","end":"09:29","startHours":8.476125368893417,"endHours":9.476125368893417,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:29","end":"10:29","startHours":9.476125368893417,"endHours":10.476125368893417,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:29","end":"11:29","startHours":10.476125368893417,"endHours":11.476125368893417,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:29","end":"12:29","startHours":11.476125368893417,"endHours":12.476125368893417,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:29","end":"13:29","startHours":12.476125368893417,"endHours":13.476125368893417,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:29","end":"14:29","startHours":13.476125368893417,"endHours":14.476125368893417,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:29","end":"15:29","startHours":14.476125368893417,"endHours":15.476125368893417,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:29","end":"16:29","startHours":15.476125368893417,"endHours":16.476125368893417,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:29","end":"17:29","startHours":16.476125368893417,"endHours":17.476125368893417,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:29","end":"18:29","startHours":17.476125368893417,"endHours":18.476125368893417,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:29","end":"19:29","startHours":18.476125368893417,"endHours":19.476125368893417,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:29","end":"20:29","startHours":19.476125368893417,"endHours":20.476125368893417,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:29","end":"21:29","startHours":20.476125368893417,"endHours":21.476125368893417,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:29","end":"22:29","startHours":21.476125368893417,"endHours":22.476125368893417,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:29","end":"23:29","startHours":22.476125368893417,"endHours":23.476125368893417,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:29","end":"00:29","startHours":23.476125368893417,"endHours":24.476125368893417,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:29","end":"01:29","startHours":24.476125368893417,"endHours":25.476125368893417,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:29","end":"02:29","startHours":25.476125368893417,"endHours":26.476125368893417,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:29","end":"03:29","startHours":26.476125368893417,"endHours":27.476125368893417,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:29","end":"04:29","startHours":27.476125368893417,"endHours":28.476125368893417,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:29","end":"05:29","startHours":28.476125368893417,"endHours":29.476125368893417,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Kāladaṇḍa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-20.527332950278144,"eotMinutes":-10.349229581689698,"ayanamsa":24.147}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2078,"vikram_samvatsara":"Ānanda","saka_samvat":1943,"saka_samvatsara":"Plava","bengali_samvat":1428,"malayalam_era":1197,"nanakshahi_year":552,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Śukla Pañcamī · Vikram 2078 Ānanda · Śaka 1943 Plava"},"festivals":[{"id":"makara-sankranti","name":"Makara Saṅkrānti (Uttarāyaṇa)","name_sanskrit":"मकर सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Capricorn; Uttarāyaṇa (north-going) begins. Bhīṣma's chosen mahaprasthāna time.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":1,"sources":["Mahābhārata Bhīṣma-Stuti","Sūrya-Siddhānta"]},{"id":"sarasvati-jayanti","name":"Sarasvatī Jayantī (Vasanta Pañchamī)","name_sanskrit":"सरस्वती जयन्ती / वसन्त पञ्चमी","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sarasvatī (Vāk-tattva)","significance":"Manifestation of Devī Sarasvatī; vidyā-ārambha day; vasanta-ṛtu begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":5,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Māgha"},"precedence":2,"sources":["Skanda Purāṇa","Devī Bhāgavata"]},{"id":"pongal","name":"Pongal / Thai Pongal","name_sanskrit":"पोङ्गल","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Tamil 4-day harvest festival; coincides with Makara Saṅkrānti.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"chandra-walk","name":"Candra Walk","name_sanskrit":"चन्द्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Manas-control + BG 6.5-7.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/chandra-walk"},"reason":"Somavāra (Monday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 18, 2021 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 18, 2021 CE for Perth, Australia: Śukla Pañcamī, sūryodaya 05:29, sūryāsta 19:25.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2021-01-18","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2021-01-18","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2021-01-18","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2021-01-18","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2021-01-18"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T03:04:11.086Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T03:04:11.086Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T03:04:11.086Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}