{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:2021-01-03:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2021-01-03","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2021-01-03","date_display":"January 3, 2021 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2021,"month":1,"day":3,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459217.770833,"kali_year":5122,"ahargana":1870752.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":258.4648,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":126.1502,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":19,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturthī","elongation_degrees":227.6854,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.6854},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":126.1502,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.1502},"yoga":{"number":2,"name":"Prīti","sum_longitude":24.615},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":37,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2021,"month":1,"day":3,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459217.770833,"ahargana":1870752.2708,"kali_year":5122,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1465,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":258.729554,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":125.74335400000001,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.1601},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":3.8281539999999836,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":266.669454,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":279.104654,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":238.543854,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":277.713754,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":58.542,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":238.542,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2021,"month":1,"day":3,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459217.770833,"kali_year":5122,"ahargana":1870752.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":258.4648,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":126.1502,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":19,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturthī","elongation_degrees":227.6854,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.6854},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":126.1502,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.1502},"yoga":{"number":2,"name":"Prīti","sum_longitude":24.615},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":37,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.16,"elongation":132.315},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.16,"opposition_distance":47.685}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-4,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":1.091,"opposition_distance":1.549}]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"05:16","sunsetLocal":"19:26","solarNoonLocal":"12:21","dayLengthHours":14.175395023863942,"dayLengthDisplay":"14 Hours 10 Mins 31 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"9 Hours 49 Mins 29 Secs","moonriseLocal":"21:56","moonsetLocal":"09:03","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"17:40","end":"19:26","startHours":17.668230147793277,"endHours":19.440154525776272,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:21","end":"14:07","startHours":12.352457013844301,"endHours":14.124381391827292,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:54","end":"17:40","startHours":15.896305769810287,"endHours":17.668230147793277,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:34","end":"09:03","startHours":8.57235167414725,"endHours":9.04486484160938,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:51","end":"06:14","startHours":5.855400961239994,"endHours":6.233411495209699,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:53","end":"12:49","startHours":11.87994384638217,"endHours":12.824970181306432,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:22","end":"04:19","startHours":3.3747068320638034,"endHours":4.319733166988066,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:05","end":"05:16","startHours":4.083476583257001,"endHours":5.264759501912329,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:43","end":"15:40","startHours":14.715022851154956,"endHours":15.660049186079219,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:14","end":"19:38","startHours":19.240154525776273,"endHours":19.64015452577627,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:26","end":"20:02","startHours":19.440154525776272,"endHours":20.030795985103936,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"19:11","end":"20:56","startHours":19.190154525776272,"endHours":20.940154525776272,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:53","end":"00:49","startHours":23.87994384638217,"endHours":24.824970181306433,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"05:16","end":"07:02","startHours":5.264759501912329,"endHours":7.036683879895322,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"07:02","end":"08:49","startHours":7.036683879895322,"endHours":8.808608257878316,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"08:49","end":"10:35","startHours":8.808608257878316,"endHours":10.580532635861307,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:35","end":"12:21","startHours":10.580532635861307,"endHours":12.352457013844301,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:21","end":"14:07","startHours":12.352457013844301,"endHours":14.124381391827292,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:07","end":"15:54","startHours":14.124381391827292,"endHours":15.896305769810287,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:54","end":"17:40","startHours":15.896305769810287,"endHours":17.668230147793277,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:40","end":"19:26","startHours":17.668230147793277,"endHours":19.440154525776272,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"19:26","end":"20:40","startHours":19.440154525776272,"endHours":20.66823014779328,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:40","end":"21:54","startHours":20.66823014779328,"endHours":21.896305769810287,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:54","end":"23:07","startHours":21.896305769810287,"endHours":23.124381391827292,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:07","end":"00:21","startHours":23.124381391827292,"endHours":24.3524570138443,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:21","end":"01:35","startHours":24.3524570138443,"endHours":25.58053263586131,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:35","end":"02:49","startHours":25.58053263586131,"endHours":26.808608257878316,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"02:49","end":"04:02","startHours":26.808608257878316,"endHours":28.03668387989532,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"04:02","end":"05:16","startHours":28.03668387989532,"endHours":29.26475950191233,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:16","end":"06:16","startHours":5.264759501912329,"endHours":6.264759501912329,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:16","end":"07:16","startHours":6.264759501912329,"endHours":7.264759501912329,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:16","end":"08:16","startHours":7.264759501912329,"endHours":8.26475950191233,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:16","end":"09:16","startHours":8.26475950191233,"endHours":9.26475950191233,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:16","end":"10:16","startHours":9.26475950191233,"endHours":10.26475950191233,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:16","end":"11:16","startHours":10.26475950191233,"endHours":11.26475950191233,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:16","end":"12:16","startHours":11.26475950191233,"endHours":12.26475950191233,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:16","end":"13:16","startHours":12.26475950191233,"endHours":13.26475950191233,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:16","end":"14:16","startHours":13.26475950191233,"endHours":14.26475950191233,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:16","end":"15:16","startHours":14.26475950191233,"endHours":15.26475950191233,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:16","end":"16:16","startHours":15.26475950191233,"endHours":16.26475950191233,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:16","end":"17:16","startHours":16.26475950191233,"endHours":17.26475950191233,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:16","end":"18:16","startHours":17.26475950191233,"endHours":18.26475950191233,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:16","end":"19:16","startHours":18.26475950191233,"endHours":19.26475950191233,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:16","end":"20:16","startHours":19.26475950191233,"endHours":20.26475950191233,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:16","end":"21:16","startHours":20.26475950191233,"endHours":21.26475950191233,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:16","end":"22:16","startHours":21.26475950191233,"endHours":22.26475950191233,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:16","end":"23:16","startHours":22.26475950191233,"endHours":23.26475950191233,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:16","end":"00:16","startHours":23.26475950191233,"endHours":24.26475950191233,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:16","end":"01:16","startHours":24.26475950191233,"endHours":25.26475950191233,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:16","end":"02:16","startHours":25.26475950191233,"endHours":26.26475950191233,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:16","end":"03:16","startHours":26.26475950191233,"endHours":27.26475950191233,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:16","end":"04:16","startHours":27.26475950191233,"endHours":28.26475950191233,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:16","end":"05:16","startHours":28.26475950191233,"endHours":29.26475950191233,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"West","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mudgara","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-22.813404310732277,"eotMinutes":-4.589420830658165,"ayanamsa":24.1465}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2078,"vikram_samvatsara":"Ānanda","saka_samvat":1943,"saka_samvatsara":"Plava","bengali_samvat":1428,"malayalam_era":1197,"nanakshahi_year":552,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Caturthī · Vikram 2078 Ānanda · Śaka 1943 Plava"},"festivals":[{"id":"lohri","name":"Lohri","name_sanskrit":"लोहड़ी","tradition":"Regional","significance":"Punjab harvest festival; eve of Makara Saṅkrānti. (Approximated as 13/14 January annually; correct via Sun in Dhanu/Makara cusp.)","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":4},{"id":"dhanu-sankranti","name":"Dhanu Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"धनु सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Sagittarius; Dhanu-māsa (Khara-māsa).","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":5},{"id":"sankashti-chaturthi","name":"Saṅkaṣṭī Caturthī","name_sanskrit":"सङ्कष्टी चतुर्थी","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Gaṇeśa","significance":"Monthly Gaṇeśa vrata.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":19,"tithi_paksha":"Kṛṣṇa"},"precedence":6}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 3, 2021 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 3, 2021 CE for Perth, Australia: Kṛṣṇa Caturthī, sūryodaya 05:16, sūryāsta 19:26.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2021-01-03","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2021-01-03","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2021-01-03","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2021-01-03","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2021-01-03"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T17:02:45.170Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T17:02:45.170Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T17:02:45.170Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}