{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:2017-04-30:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2017-04-30","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2017-04-30","date_display":"April 30, 2017 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2017,"month":4,"day":30,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457873.770833,"kali_year":5119,"ahargana":1869408.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":15.8305,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":62.3895,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":4,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Caturthī","elongation_degrees":46.559,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.559},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":62.3895,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.0561},"yoga":{"number":6,"name":"Atigaṇḍa","sum_longitude":78.22},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":7,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2017,"month":4,"day":30,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457873.770833,"ahargana":1869408.2708,"kali_year":5119,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.0951,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":15.805205,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":65.47160500000001,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.1527},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":41.600104999999985,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":0.5418050000000108,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":171.03900499999997,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":336.346205,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":243.07710500000007,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":129.7536,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":309.7536,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2017,"month":4,"day":30,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457873.770833,"kali_year":5119,"ahargana":1869408.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":15.8305,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":62.3895,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":4,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Caturthī","elongation_degrees":46.559,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.559},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":62.3895,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.0561},"yoga":{"number":6,"name":"Atigaṇḍa","sum_longitude":78.22},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":7,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.153,"elongation":46.559},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.153,"opposition_distance":133.441}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"06:48","sunsetLocal":"17:40","solarNoonLocal":"12:14","dayLengthHours":10.874152080515309,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 52 Mins 27 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 07 Mins 33 Secs","moonriseLocal":"10:32","moonsetLocal":"20:33","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"16:18","end":"17:40","startHours":16.307349343706537,"endHours":17.66661835377095,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:14","end":"13:35","startHours":12.229542313513296,"endHours":13.58881132357771,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"14:57","end":"16:18","startHours":14.948080333642125,"endHours":16.307349343706537,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:20","end":"09:42","startHours":9.329768425375882,"endHours":9.692240161393059,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:15","end":"07:32","startHours":7.245555943277114,"endHours":7.535533332090855,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:52","end":"12:36","startHours":11.867070577496118,"endHours":12.592014049530473,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:21","end":"06:04","startHours":5.342579329186934,"endHours":6.067522801221289,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:53","end":"06:48","startHours":5.8862869332127,"endHours":6.792466273255642,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:03","end":"14:46","startHours":14.041900993599182,"endHours":14.766844465633536,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:28","end":"17:52","startHours":17.46661835377095,"endHours":17.86661835377095,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:40","end":"18:07","startHours":17.66661835377095,"endHours":18.11970802379242,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:25","end":"19:10","startHours":17.41661835377095,"endHours":19.16661835377095,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:52","end":"00:36","startHours":23.86707057749612,"endHours":24.592014049530473,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:48","end":"08:09","startHours":6.792466273255642,"endHours":8.151735283320056,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"08:09","end":"09:31","startHours":8.151735283320056,"endHours":9.51100429338447,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:31","end":"10:52","startHours":9.51100429338447,"endHours":10.870273303448883,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:52","end":"12:14","startHours":10.870273303448883,"endHours":12.229542313513296,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:14","end":"13:35","startHours":12.229542313513296,"endHours":13.58881132357771,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"13:35","end":"14:57","startHours":13.58881132357771,"endHours":14.948080333642125,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"14:57","end":"16:18","startHours":14.948080333642125,"endHours":16.307349343706537,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"16:18","end":"17:40","startHours":16.307349343706537,"endHours":17.66661835377095,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"17:40","end":"19:18","startHours":17.66661835377095,"endHours":19.307349343706537,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"19:18","end":"20:57","startHours":19.307349343706537,"endHours":20.948080333642125,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"20:57","end":"22:35","startHours":20.948080333642125,"endHours":22.58881132357771,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"22:35","end":"00:14","startHours":22.58881132357771,"endHours":24.229542313513296,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:14","end":"01:52","startHours":24.229542313513296,"endHours":25.870273303448883,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:52","end":"03:31","startHours":25.870273303448883,"endHours":27.511004293384467,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:31","end":"05:09","startHours":27.511004293384467,"endHours":29.151735283320054,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"05:09","end":"06:48","startHours":29.151735283320054,"endHours":30.79246627325564,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:48","end":"07:48","startHours":6.792466273255642,"endHours":7.792466273255642,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:48","end":"08:48","startHours":7.792466273255642,"endHours":8.792466273255641,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:48","end":"09:48","startHours":8.792466273255641,"endHours":9.792466273255641,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:48","end":"10:48","startHours":9.792466273255641,"endHours":10.792466273255641,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:48","end":"11:48","startHours":10.792466273255641,"endHours":11.792466273255641,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:48","end":"12:48","startHours":11.792466273255641,"endHours":12.792466273255641,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:48","end":"13:48","startHours":12.792466273255641,"endHours":13.792466273255641,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:48","end":"14:48","startHours":13.792466273255641,"endHours":14.792466273255641,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:48","end":"15:48","startHours":14.792466273255641,"endHours":15.792466273255641,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:48","end":"16:48","startHours":15.792466273255641,"endHours":16.79246627325564,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:48","end":"17:48","startHours":16.79246627325564,"endHours":17.79246627325564,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:48","end":"18:48","startHours":17.79246627325564,"endHours":18.79246627325564,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:48","end":"19:48","startHours":18.79246627325564,"endHours":19.79246627325564,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:48","end":"20:48","startHours":19.79246627325564,"endHours":20.79246627325564,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:48","end":"21:48","startHours":20.79246627325564,"endHours":21.79246627325564,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:48","end":"22:48","startHours":21.79246627325564,"endHours":22.79246627325564,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:48","end":"23:48","startHours":22.79246627325564,"endHours":23.79246627325564,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:48","end":"00:48","startHours":23.79246627325564,"endHours":24.79246627325564,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:48","end":"01:48","startHours":24.79246627325564,"endHours":25.79246627325564,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:48","end":"02:48","startHours":25.79246627325564,"endHours":26.79246627325564,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:48","end":"03:48","startHours":26.79246627325564,"endHours":27.79246627325564,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:48","end":"04:48","startHours":27.79246627325564,"endHours":28.79246627325564,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:48","end":"05:48","startHours":28.79246627325564,"endHours":29.79246627325564,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:48","end":"06:48","startHours":29.79246627325564,"endHours":30.79246627325564,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Saumya","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":14.781108547703933,"eotMinutes":2.785461189202204,"ayanamsa":24.0951}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2074,"vikram_samvatsara":"Sādhāraṇa","saka_samvat":1939,"saka_samvatsara":"Hemalambī","bengali_samvat":1424,"malayalam_era":1193,"nanakshahi_year":548,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Śukla Caturthī · Vikram 2074 Sādhāraṇa · Śaka 1939 Hemalambī"},"festivals":[{"id":"mesha-sankranti","name":"Meṣa Saṅkrānti (Vaiśākhī / Vishu / Pohelā Boishākh / Bihu)","name_sanskrit":"मेष सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Aries; solar new year. Regional: Vaiśākhī (Punjab) · Vishu (Kerala) · Pohelā Boishākh (Bengal) · Bihu (Assam) · Tamil Puthāṇḍu.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":1},{"id":"baisakhi","name":"Baisakhi (Vaiśākhī)","name_sanskrit":"वैशाखी","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya + Khalsa Pantha (Sikh)","significance":"Punjab New Year + Sikh Khalsa founding day.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":2},{"id":"vinayaka-chaturthi","name":"Vināyaka Caturthī (monthly)","name_sanskrit":"विनायक चतुर्थी","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Gaṇeśa","significance":"Monthly Śukla-pakṣa Caturthī; auspicious for new ventures.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":4,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla"},"precedence":6}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga April 30, 2017 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"April 30, 2017 CE for Perth, Australia: Śukla Caturthī, sūryodaya 06:48, sūryāsta 17:40.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2017-04-30","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2017-04-30","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2017-04-30","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2017-04-30","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2017-04-30"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T01:32:19.747Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T01:32:19.747Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T01:32:19.747Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}