{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:2016-12-24:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2016-12-24","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2016-12-24","date_display":"December 24, 2016 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2016,"month":12,"day":24,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457746.770833,"kali_year":5118,"ahargana":1869281.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":248.221,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":188.6752,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":26,"name":"Ekādaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī","elongation_degrees":300.4542,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.4542},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":188.6752,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.0085},"yoga":{"number":6,"name":"Atigaṇḍa","sum_longitude":76.8962},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":50,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2016,"month":12,"day":24,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457746.770833,"ahargana":1869281.2708,"kali_year":5118,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.0902,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":248.565557,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":191.08545700000002,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.554},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":309.17455700000005,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":258.86975699999994,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":175.62415699999997,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":294.40195700000004,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":236.17195700000002,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":136.4827,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":316.4827,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2016,"month":12,"day":24,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457746.770833,"kali_year":5118,"ahargana":1869281.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":248.221,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":188.6752,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":26,"name":"Ekādaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī","elongation_degrees":300.4542,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.4542},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":188.6752,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.0085},"yoga":{"number":6,"name":"Atigaṇḍa","sum_longitude":76.8962},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":50,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.554,"elongation":59.546},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.554,"opposition_distance":120.454}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"05:09","sunsetLocal":"19:24","solarNoonLocal":"12:17","dayLengthHours":14.237217886104508,"dayLengthDisplay":"14 Hours 14 Mins 14 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"9 Hours 45 Mins 46 Secs","moonriseLocal":"01:50","moonsetLocal":"15:03","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"08:43","end":"10:30","startHours":8.717086798540794,"endHours":10.496739034303857,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"14:03","end":"15:50","startHours":14.056043505829985,"endHours":15.835695741593048,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"05:09","end":"06:56","startHours":5.157782327014667,"endHours":6.937434562777731,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:29","end":"08:57","startHours":8.479799833772386,"endHours":8.954373763309203,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:45","end":"06:08","startHours":5.750999738935688,"endHours":6.130658882565141,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:48","end":"12:45","startHours":11.801817340530103,"endHours":12.750965199603737,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:16","end":"04:13","startHours":3.259486608867399,"endHours":4.2086344679410335,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"03:58","end":"05:09","startHours":3.9713475031726246,"endHours":5.157782327014667,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:39","end":"15:36","startHours":14.649260917751006,"endHours":15.59840877682464,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:12","end":"19:36","startHours":19.195000213119176,"endHours":19.595000213119175,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:24","end":"19:59","startHours":19.395000213119175,"endHours":19.988217625040196,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"19:09","end":"20:54","startHours":19.145000213119175,"endHours":20.895000213119175,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:48","end":"00:45","startHours":23.801817340530103,"endHours":24.750965199603737,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"05:09","end":"06:56","startHours":5.157782327014667,"endHours":6.937434562777731,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"06:56","end":"08:43","startHours":6.937434562777731,"endHours":8.717086798540794,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"08:43","end":"10:30","startHours":8.717086798540794,"endHours":10.496739034303857,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:30","end":"12:17","startHours":10.496739034303857,"endHours":12.27639127006692,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:17","end":"14:03","startHours":12.27639127006692,"endHours":14.056043505829985,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"14:03","end":"15:50","startHours":14.056043505829985,"endHours":15.835695741593048,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:50","end":"17:37","startHours":15.835695741593048,"endHours":17.615347977356112,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"17:37","end":"19:24","startHours":17.615347977356112,"endHours":19.395000213119175,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"19:24","end":"20:37","startHours":19.395000213119175,"endHours":20.615347977356112,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"20:37","end":"21:50","startHours":20.615347977356112,"endHours":21.83569574159305,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:50","end":"23:03","startHours":21.83569574159305,"endHours":23.056043505829983,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"23:03","end":"00:17","startHours":23.056043505829983,"endHours":24.27639127006692,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:17","end":"01:30","startHours":24.27639127006692,"endHours":25.496739034303857,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:30","end":"02:43","startHours":25.496739034303857,"endHours":26.717086798540794,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"02:43","end":"03:56","startHours":26.717086798540794,"endHours":27.93743456277773,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"03:56","end":"05:09","startHours":27.93743456277773,"endHours":29.157782327014665,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:09","end":"06:09","startHours":5.157782327014667,"endHours":6.157782327014667,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:09","end":"07:09","startHours":6.157782327014667,"endHours":7.157782327014667,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:09","end":"08:09","startHours":7.157782327014667,"endHours":8.157782327014667,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:09","end":"09:09","startHours":8.157782327014667,"endHours":9.157782327014667,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:09","end":"10:09","startHours":9.157782327014667,"endHours":10.157782327014667,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:09","end":"11:09","startHours":10.157782327014667,"endHours":11.157782327014667,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:09","end":"12:09","startHours":11.157782327014667,"endHours":12.157782327014667,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:09","end":"13:09","startHours":12.157782327014667,"endHours":13.157782327014667,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:09","end":"14:09","startHours":13.157782327014667,"endHours":14.157782327014667,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:09","end":"15:09","startHours":14.157782327014667,"endHours":15.157782327014667,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:09","end":"16:09","startHours":15.157782327014667,"endHours":16.157782327014665,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:09","end":"17:09","startHours":16.157782327014665,"endHours":17.157782327014665,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:09","end":"18:09","startHours":17.157782327014665,"endHours":18.157782327014665,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:09","end":"19:09","startHours":18.157782327014665,"endHours":19.157782327014665,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:09","end":"20:09","startHours":19.157782327014665,"endHours":20.157782327014665,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:09","end":"21:09","startHours":20.157782327014665,"endHours":21.157782327014665,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:09","end":"22:09","startHours":21.157782327014665,"endHours":22.157782327014665,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:09","end":"23:09","startHours":22.157782327014665,"endHours":23.157782327014665,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:09","end":"00:09","startHours":23.157782327014665,"endHours":24.157782327014665,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:09","end":"01:09","startHours":24.157782327014665,"endHours":25.157782327014665,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:09","end":"02:09","startHours":25.157782327014665,"endHours":26.157782327014665,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:09","end":"03:09","startHours":26.157782327014665,"endHours":27.157782327014665,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:09","end":"04:09","startHours":27.157782327014665,"endHours":28.157782327014665,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:09","end":"05:09","startHours":28.157782327014665,"endHours":29.157782327014665,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"North","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Chatra","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-23.409826085002244,"eotMinutes":-0.025476204015291604,"ayanamsa":24.0902}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2073,"vikram_samvatsara":"Saumya","saka_samvat":1938,"saka_samvatsara":"Durmukhi","bengali_samvat":1423,"malayalam_era":1192,"nanakshahi_year":547,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī · Vikram 2073 Saumya · Śaka 1938 Durmukhi"},"festivals":[{"id":"lohri","name":"Lohri","name_sanskrit":"लोहड़ी","tradition":"Regional","significance":"Punjab harvest festival; eve of Makara Saṅkrānti. (Approximated as 13/14 January annually; correct via Sun in Dhanu/Makara cusp.)","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":4},{"id":"ekadashi","name":"Ekādaśī","name_sanskrit":"एकादशी","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Bhagavān Viṣṇu","significance":"Sacred to Bhagavān Viṣṇu; vrata for purification.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":11},{"tithi_number":26}]},"precedence":5},{"id":"dhanu-sankranti","name":"Dhanu Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"धनु सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Sagittarius; Dhanu-māsa (Khara-māsa).","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 24, 2016 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 24, 2016 CE for Perth, Australia: Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī, sūryodaya 05:09, sūryāsta 19:24.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2016-12-24","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2016-12-24","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2016-12-24","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2016-12-24","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2016-12-24"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T08:22:00.126Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T08:22:00.126Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-16T08:22:00.126Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}