{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:2016-12-16:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2016-12-16","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2016-12-16","date_display":"December 16, 2016 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2016,"month":12,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457738.770833,"kali_year":5118,"ahargana":1869273.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":240.0052,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":87.4904,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":18,"name":"Tṛtīyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Tṛtīyā","elongation_degrees":207.4852,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.4852},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":3,"moon_longitude":87.4904,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.4904},"yoga":{"number":25,"name":"Brahma","sum_longitude":327.4956},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":34,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2016,"month":12,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457738.770833,"ahargana":1869273.2708,"kali_year":5118,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.0899,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":240.42076300000008,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":88.53326300000003,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.4161},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":303.138863,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":259.99186299999997,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":174.55446299999994,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":285.379463,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":235.23296299999993,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":136.9065,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":316.9065,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2016,"month":12,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457738.770833,"kali_year":5118,"ahargana":1869273.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":240.0052,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":87.4904,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":18,"name":"Tṛtīyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Tṛtīyā","elongation_degrees":207.4852,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.4852},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":3,"moon_longitude":87.4904,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.4904},"yoga":{"number":25,"name":"Brahma","sum_longitude":327.4956},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":34,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.416,"elongation":152.515},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.416,"opposition_distance":27.485}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"05:06","sunsetLocal":"19:20","solarNoonLocal":"12:13","dayLengthHours":14.228136227809088,"dayLengthDisplay":"14 Hours 13 Mins 41 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"9 Hours 46 Mins 19 Secs","moonriseLocal":"20:59","moonsetLocal":"07:11","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"10:26","end":"12:13","startHours":10.43550102440432,"endHours":12.214018052880458,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"15:46","end":"17:33","startHours":15.77105210983273,"endHours":17.549569138308865,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"06:53","end":"08:39","startHours":6.8784669674520496,"endHours":8.656983995928186,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:25","end":"08:54","startHours":8.419848392131367,"endHours":8.894119599725004,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:42","end":"06:04","startHours":5.692788948467959,"endHours":6.0722059145428675,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:44","end":"12:41","startHours":11.739746845286822,"endHours":12.688289260474095,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:12","end":"04:09","startHours":3.2028651086013684,"endHours":4.151407523788641,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"03:55","end":"05:06","startHours":3.9142719199918226,"endHours":5.0999499389759135,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:35","end":"15:32","startHours":14.585374090848639,"endHours":15.533916506035911,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:08","end":"19:32","startHours":19.128086166785003,"endHours":19.528086166785002,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:20","end":"19:55","startHours":19.328086166785003,"endHours":19.92092517627705,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"19:05","end":"20:50","startHours":19.078086166785003,"endHours":20.828086166785003,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:44","end":"00:41","startHours":23.739746845286824,"endHours":24.688289260474093,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"05:06","end":"06:53","startHours":5.0999499389759135,"endHours":6.8784669674520496,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"06:53","end":"08:39","startHours":6.8784669674520496,"endHours":8.656983995928186,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"08:39","end":"10:26","startHours":8.656983995928186,"endHours":10.43550102440432,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"10:26","end":"12:13","startHours":10.43550102440432,"endHours":12.214018052880458,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"12:13","end":"14:00","startHours":12.214018052880458,"endHours":13.992535081356593,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"14:00","end":"15:46","startHours":13.992535081356593,"endHours":15.77105210983273,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"15:46","end":"17:33","startHours":15.77105210983273,"endHours":17.549569138308865,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"17:33","end":"19:20","startHours":17.549569138308865,"endHours":19.328086166785003,"quality":"neutral"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"19:20","end":"20:33","startHours":19.328086166785003,"endHours":20.54956913830887,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"20:33","end":"21:46","startHours":20.54956913830887,"endHours":21.77105210983273,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"21:46","end":"23:00","startHours":21.77105210983273,"endHours":22.992535081356593,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"23:00","end":"00:13","startHours":22.992535081356593,"endHours":24.21401805288046,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"00:13","end":"01:26","startHours":24.21401805288046,"endHours":25.435501024404324,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"01:26","end":"02:39","startHours":25.435501024404324,"endHours":26.656983995928186,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"02:39","end":"03:53","startHours":26.656983995928186,"endHours":27.87846696745205,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:53","end":"05:06","startHours":27.87846696745205,"endHours":29.099949938975914,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:06","end":"06:06","startHours":5.0999499389759135,"endHours":6.0999499389759135,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:06","end":"07:06","startHours":6.0999499389759135,"endHours":7.0999499389759135,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:06","end":"08:06","startHours":7.0999499389759135,"endHours":8.099949938975914,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:06","end":"09:06","startHours":8.099949938975914,"endHours":9.099949938975914,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:06","end":"10:06","startHours":9.099949938975914,"endHours":10.099949938975914,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:06","end":"11:06","startHours":10.099949938975914,"endHours":11.099949938975914,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:06","end":"12:06","startHours":11.099949938975914,"endHours":12.099949938975914,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:06","end":"13:06","startHours":12.099949938975914,"endHours":13.099949938975914,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:06","end":"14:06","startHours":13.099949938975914,"endHours":14.099949938975914,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:06","end":"15:06","startHours":14.099949938975914,"endHours":15.099949938975914,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:06","end":"16:06","startHours":15.099949938975914,"endHours":16.099949938975914,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:06","end":"17:06","startHours":16.099949938975914,"endHours":17.099949938975914,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:06","end":"18:06","startHours":17.099949938975914,"endHours":18.099949938975914,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:06","end":"19:06","startHours":18.099949938975914,"endHours":19.099949938975914,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:06","end":"20:06","startHours":19.099949938975914,"endHours":20.099949938975914,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:06","end":"21:06","startHours":20.099949938975914,"endHours":21.099949938975914,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:06","end":"22:06","startHours":21.099949938975914,"endHours":22.099949938975914,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:06","end":"23:06","startHours":22.099949938975914,"endHours":23.099949938975914,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:06","end":"00:06","startHours":23.099949938975914,"endHours":24.099949938975914,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:06","end":"01:06","startHours":24.099949938975914,"endHours":25.099949938975914,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:06","end":"02:06","startHours":25.099949938975914,"endHours":26.099949938975914,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:06","end":"03:06","startHours":26.099949938975914,"endHours":27.099949938975914,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:06","end":"04:06","startHours":27.099949938975914,"endHours":28.099949938975914,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:06","end":"05:06","startHours":28.099949938975914,"endHours":29.099949938975914,"planetary_lord":"Mars"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"South-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Sushira","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-23.322644899561098,"eotMinutes":3.716916827172506,"ayanamsa":24.0899}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2073,"vikram_samvatsara":"Saumya","saka_samvat":1938,"saka_samvatsara":"Durmukhi","bengali_samvat":1423,"malayalam_era":1192,"nanakshahi_year":547,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Tṛtīyā · Vikram 2073 Saumya · Śaka 1938 Durmukhi"},"festivals":[{"id":"lohri","name":"Lohri","name_sanskrit":"लोहड़ी","tradition":"Regional","significance":"Punjab harvest festival; eve of Makara Saṅkrānti. (Approximated as 13/14 January annually; correct via Sun in Dhanu/Makara cusp.)","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":4},{"id":"dhanu-sankranti","name":"Dhanu Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"धनु सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Sagittarius; Dhanu-māsa (Khara-māsa).","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shukra-walk","name":"Śukra Walk","name_sanskrit":"शुक्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Beauty + creativity in dharma + BG 10.36.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/shukra-walk"},"reason":"Śukravāra (Friday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-1626101-04-03","event":"Bhagavān Rāma's birth at Ayodhyā","chart_id":"rama","shared_marker":"same Punarvasu","url":"/day/-1626101-04-03","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 16, 2016 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 16, 2016 CE for Perth, Australia: Kṛṣṇa Tṛtīyā, sūryodaya 05:06, sūryāsta 19:20.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2016-12-16","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2016-12-16","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2016-12-16","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2016-12-16","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2016-12-16"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T12:13:47.445Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T12:13:47.445Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T12:13:47.445Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}