{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:2016-07-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2016-07-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2016-07-28","date_display":"July 28, 2016 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2016,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457597.770833,"kali_year":5118,"ahargana":1869132.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":100.7725,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":25.6577,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":24,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Navamī","elongation_degrees":284.8851,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.8851},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":4,"moon_longitude":25.6577,"elapsed_within_degrees":12.3243},"yoga":{"number":10,"name":"Gaṇḍa","sum_longitude":126.4302},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":47,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2016,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457597.770833,"ahargana":1869132.2708,"kali_year":5118,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.0845,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":101.32535000000001,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":25.59744999999998,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.9455},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":213.76774999999998,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":121.36755,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":146.66094999999996,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":115.14625000000001,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":225.71875,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":144.3774,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":324.3774,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2016,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457597.770833,"kali_year":5118,"ahargana":1869132.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":100.7725,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":25.6577,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":24,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Navamī","elongation_degrees":284.8851,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.8851},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":4,"moon_longitude":25.6577,"elapsed_within_degrees":12.3243},"yoga":{"number":10,"name":"Gaṇḍa","sum_longitude":126.4302},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":47,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.945,"elongation":75.115},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.945,"opposition_distance":104.885}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"07:08","sunsetLocal":"17:38","solarNoonLocal":"12:23","dayLengthHours":10.496039304151761,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 29 Mins 46 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 30 Mins 14 Secs","moonriseLocal":"02:03","moonsetLocal":"12:37","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"13:41","end":"15:00","startHours":13.69081079095899,"endHours":15.002815703977959,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"07:08","end":"08:27","startHours":7.130786225864139,"endHours":8.44279113888311,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"09:45","end":"11:04","startHours":9.75479605190208,"endHours":11.066800964921049,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:35","end":"09:56","startHours":9.579862063499549,"endHours":9.929730040304609,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:34","end":"07:51","startHours":7.568121196870462,"endHours":7.8480155783145085,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:02","end":"12:44","startHours":12.028937901134961,"endHours":12.728673854745077,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:44","end":"06:26","startHours":5.7313143186439035,"endHours":6.431050272254021,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:15","end":"07:08","startHours":6.256116283851492,"endHours":7.130786225864139,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:08","end":"14:50","startHours":14.128145761965314,"endHours":14.827881715575431,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:26","end":"17:50","startHours":17.4268255300159,"endHours":17.8268255300159,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:38","end":"18:04","startHours":17.6268255300159,"endHours":18.064160501022222,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:23","end":"19:08","startHours":17.3768255300159,"endHours":19.1268255300159,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:02","end":"00:44","startHours":24.02893790113496,"endHours":24.728673854745075,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"07:08","end":"08:27","startHours":7.130786225864139,"endHours":8.44279113888311,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"08:27","end":"09:45","startHours":8.44279113888311,"endHours":9.75479605190208,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"09:45","end":"11:04","startHours":9.75479605190208,"endHours":11.066800964921049,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"11:04","end":"12:23","startHours":11.066800964921049,"endHours":12.37880587794002,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"12:23","end":"13:41","startHours":12.37880587794002,"endHours":13.69081079095899,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"13:41","end":"15:00","startHours":13.69081079095899,"endHours":15.002815703977959,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"15:00","end":"16:19","startHours":15.002815703977959,"endHours":16.31482061699693,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"16:19","end":"17:38","startHours":16.31482061699693,"endHours":17.6268255300159,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"17:38","end":"19:19","startHours":17.6268255300159,"endHours":19.31482061699693,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"19:19","end":"21:00","startHours":19.31482061699693,"endHours":21.00281570397796,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"21:00","end":"22:41","startHours":21.00281570397796,"endHours":22.69081079095899,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"22:41","end":"00:23","startHours":22.69081079095899,"endHours":24.378805877940017,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"00:23","end":"02:04","startHours":24.378805877940017,"endHours":26.06680096492105,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"02:04","end":"03:45","startHours":26.06680096492105,"endHours":27.75479605190208,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"03:45","end":"05:27","startHours":27.75479605190208,"endHours":29.44279113888311,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"05:27","end":"07:08","startHours":29.44279113888311,"endHours":31.13078622586414,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:08","end":"08:08","startHours":7.130786225864139,"endHours":8.130786225864139,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:08","end":"09:08","startHours":8.130786225864139,"endHours":9.130786225864139,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:08","end":"10:08","startHours":9.130786225864139,"endHours":10.130786225864139,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:08","end":"11:08","startHours":10.130786225864139,"endHours":11.130786225864139,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:08","end":"12:08","startHours":11.130786225864139,"endHours":12.130786225864139,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:08","end":"13:08","startHours":12.130786225864139,"endHours":13.130786225864139,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:08","end":"14:08","startHours":13.130786225864139,"endHours":14.130786225864139,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:08","end":"15:08","startHours":14.130786225864139,"endHours":15.130786225864139,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:08","end":"16:08","startHours":15.130786225864139,"endHours":16.13078622586414,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:08","end":"17:08","startHours":16.13078622586414,"endHours":17.13078622586414,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:08","end":"18:08","startHours":17.13078622586414,"endHours":18.13078622586414,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:08","end":"19:08","startHours":18.13078622586414,"endHours":19.13078622586414,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:08","end":"20:08","startHours":19.13078622586414,"endHours":20.13078622586414,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:08","end":"21:08","startHours":20.13078622586414,"endHours":21.13078622586414,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:08","end":"22:08","startHours":21.13078622586414,"endHours":22.13078622586414,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:08","end":"23:08","startHours":22.13078622586414,"endHours":23.13078622586414,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:08","end":"00:08","startHours":23.13078622586414,"endHours":24.13078622586414,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:08","end":"01:08","startHours":24.13078622586414,"endHours":25.13078622586414,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:08","end":"02:08","startHours":25.13078622586414,"endHours":26.13078622586414,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:08","end":"03:08","startHours":26.13078622586414,"endHours":27.13078622586414,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:08","end":"04:08","startHours":27.13078622586414,"endHours":28.13078622586414,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:08","end":"05:08","startHours":28.13078622586414,"endHours":29.13078622586414,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:08","end":"06:08","startHours":29.13078622586414,"endHours":30.13078622586414,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:08","end":"07:08","startHours":30.13078622586414,"endHours":31.13078622586414,"planetary_lord":"Moon"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"South (Dakṣiṇa)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Kāṇa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":18.9148836455534,"eotMinutes":-6.170352676401169,"ayanamsa":24.0845}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2073,"vikram_samvatsara":"Saumya","saka_samvat":1938,"saka_samvatsara":"Durmukhi","bengali_samvat":1423,"malayalam_era":1192,"nanakshahi_year":547,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Navamī · Vikram 2073 Saumya · Śaka 1938 Durmukhi"},"festivals":[{"id":"karka-sankranti","name":"Karka Saṅkrānti (Dakṣiṇāyana)","name_sanskrit":"कर्क सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Cancer; Dakṣiṇāyana (south-going) begins. Devatā-rātri begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Karka"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"guru-walk","name":"Bṛhaspati Walk","name_sanskrit":"गुरु यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Wisdom transmission + BG 4.34.","step_count":8,"url":"/walk/guru-walk"},"reason":"Guruvāra (Thursday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 28, 2016 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 28, 2016 CE for Perth, Australia: Kṛṣṇa Navamī, sūryodaya 07:08, sūryāsta 17:38.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2016-07-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2016-07-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2016-07-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2016-07-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2016-07-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T07:54:29.456Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T07:54:29.456Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T07:54:29.456Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}