{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:2016-01-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2016-01-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2016-01-31","date_display":"January 31, 2016 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2016,"month":1,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457418.770833,"kali_year":5117,"ahargana":1868953.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":286.471,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":186.6777,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":22,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Saptamī","elongation_degrees":260.2066,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.2066},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":186.6777,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.011},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":113.1487},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":43,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2016,"month":1,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457418.770833,"ahargana":1868953.2708,"kali_year":5117,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.0776,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":286.502889,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":184.44698900000003,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":2.437},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":200.168089,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":262.068889,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":147.60908900000004,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":254.53598899999997,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":229.75108899999998,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":153.8617,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":333.8617,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2016,"month":1,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457418.770833,"kali_year":5117,"ahargana":1868953.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":286.471,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":186.6777,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":22,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Saptamī","elongation_degrees":260.2066,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.2066},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":186.6777,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.011},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":113.1487},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":43,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.437,"elongation":99.793},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.437,"opposition_distance":80.207}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"05:40","sunsetLocal":"19:20","solarNoonLocal":"12:30","dayLengthHours":13.660100593036379,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 39 Mins 36 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 20 Mins 24 Secs","moonriseLocal":"23:11","moonsetLocal":"12:12","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"17:37","end":"19:20","startHours":17.623997531419345,"endHours":19.33151010554889,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:30","end":"14:13","startHours":12.501459809030703,"endHours":14.208972383160248,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:55","end":"17:37","startHours":15.916484957289796,"endHours":17.623997531419345,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:52","end":"09:19","startHours":8.858766317554334,"endHours":9.31410300398888,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:14","end":"06:36","startHours":6.240580370555694,"endHours":6.604849719703331,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:03","end":"12:57","startHours":12.046123122596155,"endHours":12.956796495465246,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:51","end":"04:46","startHours":3.8500627667743283,"endHours":4.76073613964342,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:32","end":"05:40","startHours":4.533067796426147,"endHours":5.671409512512512,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:47","end":"15:41","startHours":14.77814324120343,"endHours":15.688816614072522,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:08","end":"19:32","startHours":19.13151010554889,"endHours":19.53151010554889,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:20","end":"19:54","startHours":19.33151010554889,"endHours":19.900680963592073,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"19:05","end":"20:50","startHours":19.08151010554889,"endHours":20.83151010554889,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:03","end":"00:57","startHours":24.046123122596153,"endHours":24.956796495465245,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"05:40","end":"07:23","startHours":5.671409512512512,"endHours":7.37892208664206,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"07:23","end":"09:05","startHours":7.37892208664206,"endHours":9.086434660771607,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:05","end":"10:48","startHours":9.086434660771607,"endHours":10.793947234901154,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:48","end":"12:30","startHours":10.793947234901154,"endHours":12.501459809030703,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:30","end":"14:13","startHours":12.501459809030703,"endHours":14.208972383160248,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:13","end":"15:55","startHours":14.208972383160248,"endHours":15.916484957289796,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:55","end":"17:37","startHours":15.916484957289796,"endHours":17.623997531419345,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:37","end":"19:20","startHours":17.623997531419345,"endHours":19.33151010554889,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"19:20","end":"20:37","startHours":19.33151010554889,"endHours":20.62399753141934,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:37","end":"21:55","startHours":20.62399753141934,"endHours":21.916484957289796,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:55","end":"23:13","startHours":21.916484957289796,"endHours":23.208972383160248,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:13","end":"00:30","startHours":23.208972383160248,"endHours":24.5014598090307,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:30","end":"01:48","startHours":24.5014598090307,"endHours":25.793947234901154,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:48","end":"03:05","startHours":25.793947234901154,"endHours":27.086434660771605,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:05","end":"04:23","startHours":27.086434660771605,"endHours":28.378922086642056,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"04:23","end":"05:40","startHours":28.378922086642056,"endHours":29.67140951251251,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:40","end":"06:40","startHours":5.671409512512512,"endHours":6.671409512512512,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:40","end":"07:40","startHours":6.671409512512512,"endHours":7.671409512512512,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:40","end":"08:40","startHours":7.671409512512512,"endHours":8.671409512512511,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:40","end":"09:40","startHours":8.671409512512511,"endHours":9.671409512512511,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:40","end":"10:40","startHours":9.671409512512511,"endHours":10.671409512512511,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:40","end":"11:40","startHours":10.671409512512511,"endHours":11.671409512512511,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:40","end":"12:40","startHours":11.671409512512511,"endHours":12.671409512512511,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:40","end":"13:40","startHours":12.671409512512511,"endHours":13.671409512512511,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:40","end":"14:40","startHours":13.671409512512511,"endHours":14.671409512512511,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:40","end":"15:40","startHours":14.671409512512511,"endHours":15.671409512512511,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:40","end":"16:40","startHours":15.671409512512511,"endHours":16.67140951251251,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:40","end":"17:40","startHours":16.67140951251251,"endHours":17.67140951251251,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:40","end":"18:40","startHours":17.67140951251251,"endHours":18.67140951251251,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:40","end":"19:40","startHours":18.67140951251251,"endHours":19.67140951251251,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:40","end":"20:40","startHours":19.67140951251251,"endHours":20.67140951251251,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:40","end":"21:40","startHours":20.67140951251251,"endHours":21.67140951251251,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:40","end":"22:40","startHours":21.67140951251251,"endHours":22.67140951251251,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:40","end":"23:40","startHours":22.67140951251251,"endHours":23.67140951251251,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:40","end":"00:40","startHours":23.67140951251251,"endHours":24.67140951251251,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:40","end":"01:40","startHours":24.67140951251251,"endHours":25.67140951251251,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:40","end":"02:40","startHours":25.67140951251251,"endHours":26.67140951251251,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:40","end":"03:40","startHours":26.67140951251251,"endHours":27.67140951251251,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:40","end":"04:40","startHours":27.67140951251251,"endHours":28.67140951251251,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:40","end":"05:40","startHours":28.67140951251251,"endHours":29.67140951251251,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"North","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Lumba","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-17.582273300030476,"eotMinutes":-13.52958854184206,"ayanamsa":24.0776}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2073,"vikram_samvatsara":"Saumya","saka_samvat":1938,"saka_samvatsara":"Durmukhi","bengali_samvat":1423,"malayalam_era":1192,"nanakshahi_year":547,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Saptamī · Vikram 2073 Saumya · Śaka 1938 Durmukhi"},"festivals":[{"id":"makara-sankranti","name":"Makara Saṅkrānti (Uttarāyaṇa)","name_sanskrit":"मकर सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Capricorn; Uttarāyaṇa (north-going) begins. Bhīṣma's chosen mahaprasthāna time.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":1,"sources":["Mahābhārata Bhīṣma-Stuti","Sūrya-Siddhānta"]},{"id":"pongal","name":"Pongal / Thai Pongal","name_sanskrit":"पोङ्गल","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Tamil 4-day harvest festival; coincides with Makara Saṅkrānti.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 31, 2016 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 31, 2016 CE for Perth, Australia: Kṛṣṇa Saptamī, sūryodaya 05:40, sūryāsta 19:20.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2016-01-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2016-01-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2016-01-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2016-01-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2016-01-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T07:18:38.206Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T07:18:38.206Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T07:18:38.206Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}