{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:2013-07-24:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2013-07-24","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2013-07-24","date_display":"July 24, 2013 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2013,"month":7,"day":24,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456497.770833,"kali_year":5115,"ahargana":1868032.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":96.7636,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":294.5985,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":17,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":197.8349,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.8349},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":294.5985,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.2652},"yoga":{"number":3,"name":"Āyuṣmān","sum_longitude":31.3621},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":32,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2013,"month":7,"day":24,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456497.770833,"ahargana":1868032.2708,"kali_year":5115,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.0424,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":97.283278,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":295.213578,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.4974},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":72.844878,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":79.48757799999998,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":71.720078,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":127.58337800000004,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":190.72997800000007,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":202.6607,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":22.6607,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2013,"month":7,"day":24,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456497.770833,"kali_year":5115,"ahargana":1868032.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":96.7636,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":294.5985,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":17,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":197.8349,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.8349},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":294.5985,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.2652},"yoga":{"number":3,"name":"Āyuṣmān","sum_longitude":31.3621},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":32,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.497,"elongation":162.165},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.497,"opposition_distance":17.835}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"07:11","sunsetLocal":"17:35","solarNoonLocal":"12:23","dayLengthHours":10.40651118305431,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 24 Mins 23 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 35 Mins 37 Secs","moonriseLocal":"18:53","moonsetLocal":"08:16","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"12:23","end":"13:41","startHours":12.378636166518643,"endHours":13.67945006440043,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"08:29","end":"09:47","startHours":8.476194472873276,"endHours":9.777008370755064,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"11:05","end":"12:23","startHours":11.077822268636853,"endHours":12.378636166518643,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:36","end":"09:57","startHours":9.60356651770416,"endHours":9.95045022380597,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:37","end":"07:53","startHours":7.608985207618749,"endHours":7.886492172500198,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:02","end":"12:44","startHours":12.03175246041683,"endHours":12.72551987262045,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:47","end":"06:29","startHours":5.787845750584246,"endHours":6.481613162787866,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:18","end":"07:11","startHours":6.308171309736961,"endHours":7.175380574991487,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:07","end":"14:48","startHours":14.113054697027692,"endHours":14.806822109231312,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:23","end":"17:47","startHours":17.381891758045796,"endHours":17.781891758045795,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:35","end":"18:01","startHours":17.581891758045796,"endHours":18.015496390673057,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:20","end":"19:05","startHours":17.331891758045796,"endHours":19.081891758045796,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:02","end":"00:44","startHours":24.03175246041683,"endHours":24.72551987262045,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"07:11","end":"08:29","startHours":7.175380574991487,"endHours":8.476194472873276,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"08:29","end":"09:47","startHours":8.476194472873276,"endHours":9.777008370755064,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"09:47","end":"11:05","startHours":9.777008370755064,"endHours":11.077822268636853,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"11:05","end":"12:23","startHours":11.077822268636853,"endHours":12.378636166518643,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"12:23","end":"13:41","startHours":12.378636166518643,"endHours":13.67945006440043,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"13:41","end":"14:59","startHours":13.67945006440043,"endHours":14.98026396228222,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"14:59","end":"16:17","startHours":14.98026396228222,"endHours":16.281077860164007,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"16:17","end":"17:35","startHours":16.281077860164007,"endHours":17.581891758045796,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:35","end":"19:17","startHours":17.581891758045796,"endHours":19.281077860164007,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"19:17","end":"20:59","startHours":19.281077860164007,"endHours":20.98026396228222,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"20:59","end":"22:41","startHours":20.98026396228222,"endHours":22.679450064400427,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"22:41","end":"00:23","startHours":22.679450064400427,"endHours":24.37863616651864,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"00:23","end":"02:05","startHours":24.37863616651864,"endHours":26.07782226863685,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"02:05","end":"03:47","startHours":26.07782226863685,"endHours":27.777008370755063,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:47","end":"05:29","startHours":27.777008370755063,"endHours":29.476194472873274,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"05:29","end":"07:11","startHours":29.476194472873274,"endHours":31.175380574991486,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:11","end":"08:11","startHours":7.175380574991487,"endHours":8.175380574991486,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:11","end":"09:11","startHours":8.175380574991486,"endHours":9.175380574991486,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:11","end":"10:11","startHours":9.175380574991486,"endHours":10.175380574991486,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:11","end":"11:11","startHours":10.175380574991486,"endHours":11.175380574991486,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:11","end":"12:11","startHours":11.175380574991486,"endHours":12.175380574991486,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:11","end":"13:11","startHours":12.175380574991486,"endHours":13.175380574991486,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:11","end":"14:11","startHours":13.175380574991486,"endHours":14.175380574991486,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:11","end":"15:11","startHours":14.175380574991486,"endHours":15.175380574991486,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:11","end":"16:11","startHours":15.175380574991486,"endHours":16.175380574991486,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:11","end":"17:11","startHours":16.175380574991486,"endHours":17.175380574991486,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:11","end":"18:11","startHours":17.175380574991486,"endHours":18.175380574991486,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:11","end":"19:11","startHours":18.175380574991486,"endHours":19.175380574991486,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:11","end":"20:11","startHours":19.175380574991486,"endHours":20.175380574991486,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:11","end":"21:11","startHours":20.175380574991486,"endHours":21.175380574991486,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:11","end":"22:11","startHours":21.175380574991486,"endHours":22.175380574991486,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:11","end":"23:11","startHours":22.175380574991486,"endHours":23.175380574991486,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:11","end":"00:11","startHours":23.175380574991486,"endHours":24.175380574991486,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:11","end":"01:11","startHours":24.175380574991486,"endHours":25.175380574991486,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:11","end":"02:11","startHours":25.175380574991486,"endHours":26.175380574991486,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:11","end":"03:11","startHours":26.175380574991486,"endHours":27.175380574991486,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:11","end":"04:11","startHours":27.175380574991486,"endHours":28.175380574991486,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:11","end":"05:11","startHours":28.175380574991486,"endHours":29.175380574991486,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:11","end":"06:11","startHours":29.175380574991486,"endHours":30.175380574991486,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:11","end":"07:11","startHours":30.175380574991486,"endHours":31.175380574991486,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhvaja","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":19.861849062899186,"eotMinutes":-6.160169991118456,"ayanamsa":24.0424}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2070,"vikram_samvatsara":"Parābhava","saka_samvat":1935,"saka_samvatsara":"Vijaya","bengali_samvat":1420,"malayalam_era":1189,"nanakshahi_year":544,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā · Vikram 2070 Parābhava · Śaka 1935 Vijaya"},"festivals":[{"id":"karka-sankranti","name":"Karka Saṅkrānti (Dakṣiṇāyana)","name_sanskrit":"कर्क सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Cancer; Dakṣiṇāyana (south-going) begins. Devatā-rātri begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Karka"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 24, 2013 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 24, 2013 CE for Perth, Australia: Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā, sūryodaya 07:11, sūryāsta 17:35.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2013-07-24","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2013-07-24","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2013-07-24","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2013-07-24","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2013-07-24"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T17:36:37.285Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T17:36:37.285Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T17:36:37.285Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}