{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:2013-05-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2013-05-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2013-05-01","date_display":"May 1, 2013 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2013,"month":5,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456413.770833,"kali_year":5115,"ahargana":1867948.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":16.8303,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":265.3795,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":21,"name":"Ṣaṣṭhī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī","elongation_degrees":248.5491,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.5491},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":265.3795,"elapsed_within_degrees":12.0461},"yoga":{"number":22,"name":"Sādhya","sum_longitude":282.2098},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":41,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2013,"month":5,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456413.770833,"ahargana":1867948.2708,"kali_year":5115,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.0392,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":16.80018799999999,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":268.078388,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.8262},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":13.652188000000024,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":4.431087999999988,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":53.00038799999999,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":25.237588000000017,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":193.72828800000002,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":207.1114,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":27.1114,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2013,"month":5,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456413.770833,"kali_year":5115,"ahargana":1867948.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":16.8303,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":265.3795,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":21,"name":"Ṣaṣṭhī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī","elongation_degrees":248.5491,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.5491},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":265.3795,"elapsed_within_degrees":12.0461},"yoga":{"number":22,"name":"Sādhya","sum_longitude":282.2098},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":41,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.826,"elongation":111.451},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.826,"opposition_distance":68.549}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-5,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-1.09,"opposition_distance":1.352},{"offset_days":9,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-0.055,"elongation":1.837}]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"06:48","sunsetLocal":"17:39","solarNoonLocal":"12:14","dayLengthHours":10.847815175257432,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 50 Mins 52 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 09 Mins 08 Secs","moonriseLocal":"21:58","moonsetLocal":"11:59","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"12:14","end":"13:35","startHours":12.227333211183886,"endHours":13.583310108091064,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"08:10","end":"09:31","startHours":8.159402520462349,"endHours":9.515379417369527,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"10:52","end":"12:14","startHours":10.871356314276706,"endHours":12.227333211183886,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:20","end":"09:42","startHours":9.334582497781904,"endHours":9.696176336957151,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:15","end":"07:33","startHours":7.255417922524229,"endHours":7.544692993864428,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:52","end":"12:35","startHours":11.865739372008639,"endHours":12.588927050359134,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:21","end":"06:05","startHours":5.357050266854178,"endHours":6.080237945204674,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:54","end":"06:48","startHours":5.899441025617049,"endHours":6.803425623555169,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:02","end":"14:46","startHours":14.035302407060124,"endHours":14.75849008541062,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:27","end":"17:51","startHours":17.451240798812602,"endHours":17.8512407988126,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:39","end":"18:06","startHours":17.6512407988126,"endHours":18.10323309778166,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:24","end":"19:09","startHours":17.4012407988126,"endHours":19.1512407988126,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:52","end":"00:35","startHours":23.865739372008637,"endHours":24.588927050359136,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"06:48","end":"08:10","startHours":6.803425623555169,"endHours":8.159402520462349,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"08:10","end":"09:31","startHours":8.159402520462349,"endHours":9.515379417369527,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"09:31","end":"10:52","startHours":9.515379417369527,"endHours":10.871356314276706,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"10:52","end":"12:14","startHours":10.871356314276706,"endHours":12.227333211183886,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"12:14","end":"13:35","startHours":12.227333211183886,"endHours":13.583310108091064,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"13:35","end":"14:56","startHours":13.583310108091064,"endHours":14.939287004998244,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"14:56","end":"16:18","startHours":14.939287004998244,"endHours":16.29526390190542,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"16:18","end":"17:39","startHours":16.29526390190542,"endHours":17.6512407988126,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:39","end":"19:18","startHours":17.6512407988126,"endHours":19.29526390190542,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"19:18","end":"20:56","startHours":19.29526390190542,"endHours":20.939287004998242,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"20:56","end":"22:35","startHours":20.939287004998242,"endHours":22.583310108091062,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"22:35","end":"00:14","startHours":22.583310108091062,"endHours":24.227333211183886,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"00:14","end":"01:52","startHours":24.227333211183886,"endHours":25.871356314276706,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"01:52","end":"03:31","startHours":25.871356314276706,"endHours":27.515379417369527,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:31","end":"05:10","startHours":27.515379417369527,"endHours":29.15940252046235,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"05:10","end":"06:48","startHours":29.15940252046235,"endHours":30.80342562355517,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:48","end":"07:48","startHours":6.803425623555169,"endHours":7.803425623555169,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:48","end":"08:48","startHours":7.803425623555169,"endHours":8.803425623555169,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:48","end":"09:48","startHours":8.803425623555169,"endHours":9.803425623555169,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:48","end":"10:48","startHours":9.803425623555169,"endHours":10.803425623555169,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:48","end":"11:48","startHours":10.803425623555169,"endHours":11.803425623555169,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:48","end":"12:48","startHours":11.803425623555169,"endHours":12.803425623555169,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:48","end":"13:48","startHours":12.803425623555169,"endHours":13.803425623555169,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:48","end":"14:48","startHours":13.803425623555169,"endHours":14.803425623555169,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:48","end":"15:48","startHours":14.803425623555169,"endHours":15.803425623555169,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:48","end":"16:48","startHours":15.803425623555169,"endHours":16.80342562355517,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:48","end":"17:48","startHours":16.80342562355517,"endHours":17.80342562355517,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:48","end":"18:48","startHours":17.80342562355517,"endHours":18.80342562355517,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:48","end":"19:48","startHours":18.80342562355517,"endHours":19.80342562355517,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:48","end":"20:48","startHours":19.80342562355517,"endHours":20.80342562355517,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:48","end":"21:48","startHours":20.80342562355517,"endHours":21.80342562355517,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:48","end":"22:48","startHours":21.80342562355517,"endHours":22.80342562355517,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:48","end":"23:48","startHours":22.80342562355517,"endHours":23.80342562355517,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:48","end":"00:48","startHours":23.80342562355517,"endHours":24.80342562355517,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:48","end":"01:48","startHours":24.80342562355517,"endHours":25.80342562355517,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:48","end":"02:48","startHours":25.80342562355517,"endHours":26.80342562355517,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:48","end":"03:48","startHours":26.80342562355517,"endHours":27.80342562355517,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:48","end":"04:48","startHours":27.80342562355517,"endHours":28.80342562355517,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:48","end":"05:48","startHours":28.80342562355517,"endHours":29.80342562355517,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:48","end":"06:48","startHours":29.80342562355517,"endHours":30.80342562355517,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Prajāpati","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":15.075610301743168,"eotMinutes":2.918007328966811,"ayanamsa":24.0392}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2070,"vikram_samvatsara":"Parābhava","saka_samvat":1935,"saka_samvatsara":"Vijaya","bengali_samvat":1420,"malayalam_era":1189,"nanakshahi_year":544,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī · Vikram 2070 Parābhava · Śaka 1935 Vijaya"},"festivals":[{"id":"mesha-sankranti","name":"Meṣa Saṅkrānti (Vaiśākhī / Vishu / Pohelā Boishākh / Bihu)","name_sanskrit":"मेष सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Aries; solar new year. Regional: Vaiśākhī (Punjab) · Vishu (Kerala) · Pohelā Boishākh (Bengal) · Bihu (Assam) · Tamil Puthāṇḍu.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":1},{"id":"baisakhi","name":"Baisakhi (Vaiśākhī)","name_sanskrit":"वैशाखी","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya + Khalsa Pantha (Sikh)","significance":"Punjab New Year + Sikh Khalsa founding day.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga May 1, 2013 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"May 1, 2013 CE for Perth, Australia: Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī, sūryodaya 06:48, sūryāsta 17:39.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2013-05-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2013-05-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2013-05-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2013-05-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2013-05-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T12:32:40.960Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T12:32:40.960Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T12:32:40.960Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}