{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:2004-01-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2004-01-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2004-01-31","date_display":"January 31, 2004 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2004,"month":1,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2453035.770833,"kali_year":5105,"ahargana":1864570.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":286.5785,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":34.522,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"tithi":{"number":9,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Navamī","elongation_degrees":107.9435,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.9435},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":34.522,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.8553},"yoga":{"number":25,"name":"Brahma","sum_longitude":321.1005},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":17,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2004,"month":1,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2453035.770833,"ahargana":1864570.2708,"kali_year":5105,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.91,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":286.5822519999999,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":35.89095199999997,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":0.6589},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":3.847252000000026,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":265.672952,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":143.901652,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":325.74035200000003,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":73.44355200000001,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":26.0941,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":206.0941,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2004,"month":1,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2453035.770833,"kali_year":5105,"ahargana":1864570.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":286.5785,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":34.522,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"tithi":{"number":9,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Navamī","elongation_degrees":107.9435,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.9435},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":34.522,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.8553},"yoga":{"number":25,"name":"Brahma","sum_longitude":321.1005},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":17,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.659,"elongation":107.944},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.659,"opposition_distance":72.056}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"05:40","sunsetLocal":"19:20","solarNoonLocal":"12:30","dayLengthHours":13.66236191406006,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 39 Mins 45 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 20 Mins 15 Secs","moonriseLocal":"14:37","moonsetLocal":"00:58","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"09:05","end":"10:48","startHours":9.085869330515687,"endHours":10.793664569773195,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"14:13","end":"15:55","startHours":14.20925504828821,"endHours":15.917050287545717,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"05:40","end":"07:23","startHours":5.6702788520006715,"endHours":7.3780740912581795,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:51","end":"09:19","startHours":8.858163298614686,"endHours":9.313575362416687,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:14","end":"06:36","startHours":6.239543931753174,"endHours":6.603873582794775,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:03","end":"12:57","startHours":12.046047745228698,"endHours":12.956871872832703,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:51","end":"04:46","startHours":3.8486305967926633,"endHours":4.759454724396668,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:32","end":"05:40","startHours":4.5317486924956665,"endHours":5.6702788520006715,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:47","end":"15:41","startHours":14.77852012804071,"endHours":15.689344255644714,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:08","end":"19:32","startHours":19.13264076606073,"endHours":19.53264076606073,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:20","end":"19:54","startHours":19.33264076606073,"endHours":19.901905845813232,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"19:05","end":"20:50","startHours":19.08264076606073,"endHours":20.83264076606073,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:03","end":"00:57","startHours":24.046047745228698,"endHours":24.9568718728327,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"05:40","end":"07:23","startHours":5.6702788520006715,"endHours":7.3780740912581795,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"07:23","end":"09:05","startHours":7.3780740912581795,"endHours":9.085869330515687,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:05","end":"10:48","startHours":9.085869330515687,"endHours":10.793664569773195,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:48","end":"12:30","startHours":10.793664569773195,"endHours":12.501459809030703,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:30","end":"14:13","startHours":12.501459809030703,"endHours":14.20925504828821,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"14:13","end":"15:55","startHours":14.20925504828821,"endHours":15.917050287545717,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:55","end":"17:37","startHours":15.917050287545717,"endHours":17.624845526803224,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"17:37","end":"19:20","startHours":17.624845526803224,"endHours":19.33264076606073,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"19:20","end":"20:37","startHours":19.33264076606073,"endHours":20.624845526803224,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"20:37","end":"21:55","startHours":20.624845526803224,"endHours":21.917050287545717,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:55","end":"23:13","startHours":21.917050287545717,"endHours":23.20925504828821,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"23:13","end":"00:30","startHours":23.20925504828821,"endHours":24.5014598090307,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:30","end":"01:48","startHours":24.5014598090307,"endHours":25.793664569773192,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:48","end":"03:05","startHours":25.793664569773192,"endHours":27.085869330515685,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:05","end":"04:23","startHours":27.085869330515685,"endHours":28.378074091258178,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"04:23","end":"05:40","startHours":28.378074091258178,"endHours":29.67027885200067,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:40","end":"06:40","startHours":5.6702788520006715,"endHours":6.6702788520006715,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:40","end":"07:40","startHours":6.6702788520006715,"endHours":7.6702788520006715,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:40","end":"08:40","startHours":7.6702788520006715,"endHours":8.67027885200067,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:40","end":"09:40","startHours":8.67027885200067,"endHours":9.67027885200067,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:40","end":"10:40","startHours":9.67027885200067,"endHours":10.67027885200067,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:40","end":"11:40","startHours":10.67027885200067,"endHours":11.67027885200067,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:40","end":"12:40","startHours":11.67027885200067,"endHours":12.67027885200067,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:40","end":"13:40","startHours":12.67027885200067,"endHours":13.67027885200067,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:40","end":"14:40","startHours":13.67027885200067,"endHours":14.67027885200067,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:40","end":"15:40","startHours":14.67027885200067,"endHours":15.67027885200067,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:40","end":"16:40","startHours":15.67027885200067,"endHours":16.67027885200067,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:40","end":"17:40","startHours":16.67027885200067,"endHours":17.67027885200067,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:40","end":"18:40","startHours":17.67027885200067,"endHours":18.67027885200067,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:40","end":"19:40","startHours":18.67027885200067,"endHours":19.67027885200067,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:40","end":"20:40","startHours":19.67027885200067,"endHours":20.67027885200067,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:40","end":"21:40","startHours":20.67027885200067,"endHours":21.67027885200067,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:40","end":"22:40","startHours":21.67027885200067,"endHours":22.67027885200067,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:40","end":"23:40","startHours":22.67027885200067,"endHours":23.67027885200067,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:40","end":"00:40","startHours":23.67027885200067,"endHours":24.67027885200067,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:40","end":"01:40","startHours":24.67027885200067,"endHours":25.67027885200067,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:40","end":"02:40","startHours":25.67027885200067,"endHours":26.67027885200067,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:40","end":"03:40","startHours":26.67027885200067,"endHours":27.67027885200067,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:40","end":"04:40","startHours":27.67027885200067,"endHours":28.67027885200067,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:40","end":"05:40","startHours":28.67027885200067,"endHours":29.67027885200067,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Sushira","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-17.606201778794322,"eotMinutes":-13.52958854184206,"ayanamsa":23.91}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2061,"vikram_samvatsara":"Hemalambī","saka_samvat":1926,"saka_samvatsara":"Tāraṇa","bengali_samvat":1411,"malayalam_era":1180,"nanakshahi_year":535,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Śukla Navamī · Vikram 2061 Hemalambī · Śaka 1926 Tāraṇa"},"festivals":[{"id":"makara-sankranti","name":"Makara Saṅkrānti (Uttarāyaṇa)","name_sanskrit":"मकर सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Capricorn; Uttarāyaṇa (north-going) begins. Bhīṣma's chosen mahaprasthāna time.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":1,"sources":["Mahābhārata Bhīṣma-Stuti","Sūrya-Siddhānta"]},{"id":"pongal","name":"Pongal / Thai Pongal","name_sanskrit":"पोङ्गल","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Tamil 4-day harvest festival; coincides with Makara Saṅkrānti.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-10-04","event":"Mahābhārata Day 1 (Bhagavad Gītā delivered)","chart_id":"krishna","shared_marker":"same Kṛttikā","url":"/day/-3137-10-04","relevance":0.5},{"historical_date":"-3137-12-25","event":"Bhīṣma's Mahaprasthan","chart_id":"bhishma","shared_marker":"same Kṛttikā","url":"/day/-3137-12-25","relevance":0.5},{"historical_date":"-1626101-04-03","event":"Bhagavān Rāma's birth at Ayodhyā","chart_id":"rama","shared_marker":"same Śukla Navamī","url":"/day/-1626101-04-03","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 31, 2004 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 31, 2004 CE for Perth, Australia: Śukla Navamī, sūryodaya 05:40, sūryāsta 19:20.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2004-01-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2004-01-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2004-01-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2004-01-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2004-01-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T07:16:41.468Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T07:16:41.468Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-16T07:16:41.468Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}