{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:2003-05-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2003-05-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2003-05-31","date_display":"May 31, 2003 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2003,"month":5,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452790.770833,"kali_year":5105,"ahargana":1864325.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":45.1853,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":44.2177,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":359.0324,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.0324},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":44.2177,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.2177},"yoga":{"number":7,"name":"Sukarma","sum_longitude":89.4031},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":59,"name":"Nāga"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2003,"month":5,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452790.770833,"ahargana":1864325.2708,"kali_year":5105,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.9006,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":45.30981300000002,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":43.823913000000005,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":0.4029},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":298.00831300000004,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":21.195313,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":108.700313,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":23.776012999999978,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":65.505113,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":39.0754,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":219.0754,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2003,"month":5,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452790.770833,"kali_year":5105,"ahargana":1864325.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":45.1853,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":44.2177,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":359.0324,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.0324},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":44.2177,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.2177},"yoga":{"number":7,"name":"Sukarma","sum_longitude":89.4031},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":59,"name":"Nāga"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":0.403,"elongation":0.968},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.403,"opposition_distance":179.032}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-15,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":0.804,"opposition_distance":1.295},{"offset_days":0,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":0.403,"elongation":0.968}]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"07:08","sunsetLocal":"17:21","solarNoonLocal":"12:14","dayLengthHours":10.216398606580853,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 12 Mins 59 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 47 Mins 01 Secs","moonriseLocal":"07:02","moonsetLocal":"17:14","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"09:41","end":"10:57","startHours":9.680207569052456,"endHours":10.957257394875061,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:31","end":"14:47","startHours":13.511357046520274,"endHours":14.788406872342883,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"07:08","end":"08:24","startHours":7.126107917407242,"endHours":8.403157743229848,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:31","end":"09:51","startHours":9.509934258942774,"endHours":9.850480879162136,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:33","end":"07:49","startHours":7.551791192681444,"endHours":7.824228488856933,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:54","end":"12:34","startHours":11.893760600478307,"endHours":12.574853840917031,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:46","end":"06:27","startHours":5.763921436529795,"endHours":6.445014676968518,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:16","end":"07:08","startHours":6.274741366858837,"endHours":7.126107917407242,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:56","end":"14:37","startHours":13.937040321794477,"endHours":14.6181335622332,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:09","end":"17:33","startHours":17.142506523988096,"endHours":17.542506523988095,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:21","end":"17:46","startHours":17.342506523988096,"endHours":17.7681897992623,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:06","end":"18:51","startHours":17.092506523988096,"endHours":18.842506523988096,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:54","end":"00:34","startHours":23.89376060047831,"endHours":24.57485384091703,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"07:08","end":"08:24","startHours":7.126107917407242,"endHours":8.403157743229848,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"08:24","end":"09:41","startHours":8.403157743229848,"endHours":9.680207569052456,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:41","end":"10:57","startHours":9.680207569052456,"endHours":10.957257394875061,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:57","end":"12:14","startHours":10.957257394875061,"endHours":12.23430722069767,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:14","end":"13:31","startHours":12.23430722069767,"endHours":13.511357046520274,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:31","end":"14:47","startHours":13.511357046520274,"endHours":14.788406872342883,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"14:47","end":"16:04","startHours":14.788406872342883,"endHours":16.065456698165487,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"16:04","end":"17:21","startHours":16.065456698165487,"endHours":17.342506523988096,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"17:21","end":"19:04","startHours":17.342506523988096,"endHours":19.06545669816549,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:04","end":"20:47","startHours":19.06545669816549,"endHours":20.788406872342883,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"20:47","end":"22:31","startHours":20.788406872342883,"endHours":22.511357046520274,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:31","end":"00:14","startHours":22.511357046520274,"endHours":24.23430722069767,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:14","end":"01:57","startHours":24.23430722069767,"endHours":25.957257394875064,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:57","end":"03:41","startHours":25.957257394875064,"endHours":27.680207569052456,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:41","end":"05:24","startHours":27.680207569052456,"endHours":29.403157743229848,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"05:24","end":"07:08","startHours":29.403157743229848,"endHours":31.126107917407243,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:08","end":"08:08","startHours":7.126107917407242,"endHours":8.126107917407243,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:08","end":"09:08","startHours":8.126107917407243,"endHours":9.126107917407243,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:08","end":"10:08","startHours":9.126107917407243,"endHours":10.126107917407243,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:08","end":"11:08","startHours":10.126107917407243,"endHours":11.126107917407243,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:08","end":"12:08","startHours":11.126107917407243,"endHours":12.126107917407243,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:08","end":"13:08","startHours":12.126107917407243,"endHours":13.126107917407243,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:08","end":"14:08","startHours":13.126107917407243,"endHours":14.126107917407243,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:08","end":"15:08","startHours":14.126107917407243,"endHours":15.126107917407243,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:08","end":"16:08","startHours":15.126107917407243,"endHours":16.126107917407243,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:08","end":"17:08","startHours":16.126107917407243,"endHours":17.126107917407243,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:08","end":"18:08","startHours":17.126107917407243,"endHours":18.126107917407243,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:08","end":"19:08","startHours":18.126107917407243,"endHours":19.126107917407243,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:08","end":"20:08","startHours":19.126107917407243,"endHours":20.126107917407243,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:08","end":"21:08","startHours":20.126107917407243,"endHours":21.126107917407243,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:08","end":"22:08","startHours":21.126107917407243,"endHours":22.126107917407243,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:08","end":"23:08","startHours":22.126107917407243,"endHours":23.126107917407243,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:08","end":"00:08","startHours":23.126107917407243,"endHours":24.126107917407243,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:08","end":"01:08","startHours":24.126107917407243,"endHours":25.126107917407243,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:08","end":"02:08","startHours":25.126107917407243,"endHours":26.126107917407243,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:08","end":"03:08","startHours":26.126107917407243,"endHours":27.126107917407243,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:08","end":"04:08","startHours":27.126107917407243,"endHours":28.126107917407243,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:08","end":"05:08","startHours":28.126107917407243,"endHours":29.126107917407243,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:08","end":"06:08","startHours":29.126107917407243,"endHours":30.126107917407243,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:08","end":"07:08","startHours":30.126107917407243,"endHours":31.126107917407243,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhātṛ","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":21.828903881471007,"eotMinutes":2.4995667581397525,"ayanamsa":23.9006}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2060,"vikram_samvatsara":"Durmukhi","saka_samvat":1925,"saka_samvatsara":"Subhānu","bengali_samvat":1410,"malayalam_era":1179,"nanakshahi_year":534,"lunar_month":"Jyeṣṭha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Jyeṣṭha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Vṛṣabha (Vaikāsi)","ritu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","display_summary":"Jyeṣṭha Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā · Vikram 2060 Durmukhi · Śaka 1925 Subhānu"},"festivals":[{"id":"vat-savitri-amavasya","name":"Vaṭa Sāvitrī Amāvasyā","name_sanskrit":"वट सावित्री अमावस्या","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sāvitrī Devī","significance":"Sāvitrī's redemption of Satyavān from Yama; pati-vrata observance.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":30,"tithi_paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","lunar_month":"Jyeṣṭha"},"precedence":2,"sources":["Mahābhārata, Vana Parva — Sāvitrī Upākhyāna"]},{"id":"vrishabha-sankranti","name":"Vṛṣabha Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"वृषभ सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Taurus.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Vṛṣabha"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3226-07-09","event":"Bhagavān Krishna's birth at Mathurā","chart_id":"krishna","shared_marker":"same Rohiṇī","url":"/day/-3226-07-09","relevance":0.5},{"historical_date":"-3137-10-20","event":"Karṇa-Vadha (Mahābhārata Day 17)","chart_id":"karna","shared_marker":"same Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","url":"/day/-3137-10-20","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga May 31, 2003 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"May 31, 2003 CE for Perth, Australia: Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā, sūryodaya 07:08, sūryāsta 17:21.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2003-05-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2003-05-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2003-05-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2003-05-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2003-05-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-17T04:24:18.353Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-17T04:24:18.353Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-17T04:24:18.353Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}