{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:2002-12-20:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2002-12-20","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2002-12-20","date_display":"December 20, 2002 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2002,"month":12,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452628.770833,"kali_year":5104,"ahargana":1864163.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":243.7241,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":66.2547,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":16,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pratipada","elongation_degrees":182.5307,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.5307},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":66.2547,"elapsed_within_degrees":12.9214},"yoga":{"number":24,"name":"Śukla","sum_longitude":309.9788},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":30,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2002,"month":12,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452628.770833,"ahargana":1864163.2708,"kali_year":5104,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8945,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":244.074702,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":66.938602,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":1.4337},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":197.95550200000002,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":262.67190200000005,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":113.71460200000001,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":199.298902,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":61.402401999999995,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":47.6589,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":227.6589,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2002,"month":12,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452628.770833,"kali_year":5104,"ahargana":1864163.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":243.7241,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":66.2547,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":16,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pratipada","elongation_degrees":182.5307,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.5307},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":66.2547,"elapsed_within_degrees":12.9214},"yoga":{"number":24,"name":"Śukla","sum_longitude":309.9788},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":30,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":1.434,"elongation":177.469},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":1.434,"opposition_distance":2.531}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-16,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":0.273,"elongation":2.306},{"offset_days":0,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":1.434,"opposition_distance":2.531}]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"05:08","sunsetLocal":"19:22","solarNoonLocal":"12:15","dayLengthHours":14.238372682913193,"dayLengthDisplay":"14 Hours 14 Mins 18 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"9 Hours 45 Mins 42 Secs","moonriseLocal":"19:26","moonsetLocal":"05:27","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"10:28","end":"12:15","startHours":10.46530478926137,"endHours":12.24510137462552,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"15:48","end":"17:35","startHours":15.804694545353819,"endHours":17.584491130717968,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"06:54","end":"08:41","startHours":6.905711618533074,"endHours":8.685508203897223,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:27","end":"08:55","startHours":8.448201992515337,"endHours":8.92281441527911,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:43","end":"06:06","startHours":5.719180561623641,"endHours":6.098870499834659,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:46","end":"12:43","startHours":11.770488951861747,"endHours":12.719713797389293,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:14","end":"04:11","startHours":3.227465342113832,"endHours":4.176690187641379,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"03:56","end":"05:08","startHours":3.9393839762594918,"endHours":5.1259150331689245,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:37","end":"15:34","startHours":14.618163488444386,"endHours":15.567388333971932,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:10","end":"19:34","startHours":19.164287716082118,"endHours":19.564287716082116,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:22","end":"19:57","startHours":19.364287716082117,"endHours":19.957553244536832,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"19:07","end":"20:52","startHours":19.114287716082117,"endHours":20.864287716082117,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:46","end":"00:43","startHours":23.770488951861747,"endHours":24.719713797389293,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"05:08","end":"06:54","startHours":5.1259150331689245,"endHours":6.905711618533074,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"06:54","end":"08:41","startHours":6.905711618533074,"endHours":8.685508203897223,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"08:41","end":"10:28","startHours":8.685508203897223,"endHours":10.46530478926137,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"10:28","end":"12:15","startHours":10.46530478926137,"endHours":12.24510137462552,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"12:15","end":"14:01","startHours":12.24510137462552,"endHours":14.02489795998967,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"14:01","end":"15:48","startHours":14.02489795998967,"endHours":15.804694545353819,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"15:48","end":"17:35","startHours":15.804694545353819,"endHours":17.584491130717968,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"17:35","end":"19:22","startHours":17.584491130717968,"endHours":19.364287716082117,"quality":"neutral"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"19:22","end":"20:35","startHours":19.364287716082117,"endHours":20.584491130717968,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"20:35","end":"21:48","startHours":20.584491130717968,"endHours":21.80469454535382,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"21:48","end":"23:01","startHours":21.80469454535382,"endHours":23.02489795998967,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"23:01","end":"00:15","startHours":23.02489795998967,"endHours":24.24510137462552,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"00:15","end":"01:28","startHours":24.24510137462552,"endHours":25.46530478926137,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"01:28","end":"02:41","startHours":25.46530478926137,"endHours":26.68550820389722,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"02:41","end":"03:54","startHours":26.68550820389722,"endHours":27.905711618533076,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:54","end":"05:08","startHours":27.905711618533076,"endHours":29.125915033168923,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:08","end":"06:08","startHours":5.1259150331689245,"endHours":6.1259150331689245,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:08","end":"07:08","startHours":6.1259150331689245,"endHours":7.1259150331689245,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:08","end":"08:08","startHours":7.1259150331689245,"endHours":8.125915033168924,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:08","end":"09:08","startHours":8.125915033168924,"endHours":9.125915033168924,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:08","end":"10:08","startHours":9.125915033168924,"endHours":10.125915033168924,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:08","end":"11:08","startHours":10.125915033168924,"endHours":11.125915033168924,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:08","end":"12:08","startHours":11.125915033168924,"endHours":12.125915033168924,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:08","end":"13:08","startHours":12.125915033168924,"endHours":13.125915033168924,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:08","end":"14:08","startHours":13.125915033168924,"endHours":14.125915033168924,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:08","end":"15:08","startHours":14.125915033168924,"endHours":15.125915033168924,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:08","end":"16:08","startHours":15.125915033168924,"endHours":16.125915033168923,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:08","end":"17:08","startHours":16.125915033168923,"endHours":17.125915033168923,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:08","end":"18:08","startHours":17.125915033168923,"endHours":18.125915033168923,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:08","end":"19:08","startHours":18.125915033168923,"endHours":19.125915033168923,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:08","end":"20:08","startHours":19.125915033168923,"endHours":20.125915033168923,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:08","end":"21:08","startHours":20.125915033168923,"endHours":21.125915033168923,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:08","end":"22:08","startHours":21.125915033168923,"endHours":22.125915033168923,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:08","end":"23:08","startHours":22.125915033168923,"endHours":23.125915033168923,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:08","end":"00:08","startHours":23.125915033168923,"endHours":24.125915033168923,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:08","end":"01:08","startHours":24.125915033168923,"endHours":25.125915033168923,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:08","end":"02:08","startHours":25.125915033168923,"endHours":26.125915033168923,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:08","end":"03:08","startHours":26.125915033168923,"endHours":27.125915033168923,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:08","end":"04:08","startHours":27.125915033168923,"endHours":28.125915033168923,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:08","end":"05:08","startHours":28.125915033168923,"endHours":29.125915033168923,"planetary_lord":"Mars"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"South-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Rākṣasa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-23.420901098298852,"eotMinutes":1.851917522468745,"ayanamsa":23.8945}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2059,"vikram_samvatsara":"Manmatha","saka_samvat":1924,"saka_samvatsara":"Citrabhānu","bengali_samvat":1409,"malayalam_era":1178,"nanakshahi_year":533,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pratipada · Vikram 2059 Manmatha · Śaka 1924 Citrabhānu"},"festivals":[{"id":"lohri","name":"Lohri","name_sanskrit":"लोहड़ी","tradition":"Regional","significance":"Punjab harvest festival; eve of Makara Saṅkrānti. (Approximated as 13/14 January annually; correct via Sun in Dhanu/Makara cusp.)","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":4},{"id":"dhanu-sankranti","name":"Dhanu Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"धनु सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Sagittarius; Dhanu-māsa (Khara-māsa).","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shukra-walk","name":"Śukra Walk","name_sanskrit":"शुक्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Beauty + creativity in dharma + BG 10.36.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/shukra-walk"},"reason":"Śukravāra (Friday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 20, 2002 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 20, 2002 CE for Perth, Australia: Kṛṣṇa Pratipada, sūryodaya 05:08, sūryāsta 19:22.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2002-12-20","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2002-12-20","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2002-12-20","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2002-12-20","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2002-12-20"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T14:31:48.756Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T14:31:48.756Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-16T14:31:48.756Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}