{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:2002-06-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2002-06-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2002-06-28","date_display":"June 28, 2002 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2002,"month":6,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452453.770833,"kali_year":5104,"ahargana":1863988.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":71.9946,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":291.8388,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":19,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturthī","elongation_degrees":219.8442,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.8442},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":4,"moon_longitude":291.8388,"elapsed_within_degrees":11.8388},"yoga":{"number":1,"name":"Viṣkambha","sum_longitude":3.8335},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":36,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2002,"month":6,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452453.770833,"ahargana":1863988.2708,"kali_year":5104,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8878,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":72.31228900000002,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":290.161289,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.6808},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":86.04588899999999,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":50.77538900000002,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":88.31138900000002,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":111.41988900000001,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":56.90098899999998,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":56.9313,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":236.9313,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2002,"month":6,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452453.770833,"kali_year":5104,"ahargana":1863988.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":71.9946,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":291.8388,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":19,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturthī","elongation_degrees":219.8442,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.8442},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":4,"moon_longitude":291.8388,"elapsed_within_degrees":11.8388},"yoga":{"number":1,"name":"Viṣkambha","sum_longitude":3.8335},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":36,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.681,"elongation":140.156},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.681,"opposition_distance":39.844}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-17,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-0.149,"elongation":0.05}]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"07:17","sunsetLocal":"17:22","solarNoonLocal":"12:19","dayLengthHours":10.071021984815275,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 04 Mins 16 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 55 Mins 44 Secs","moonriseLocal":"20:05","moonsetLocal":"09:37","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"11:04","end":"12:19","startHours":11.065255830300142,"endHours":12.324133578402051,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"14:51","end":"16:06","startHours":14.84188907460587,"endHours":16.10076682270778,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"08:33","end":"09:48","startHours":8.547500334096323,"endHours":9.806378082198233,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:38","end":"09:58","startHours":9.638527715784644,"endHours":9.974228448611822,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:42","end":"07:59","startHours":7.7082485020283835,"endHours":7.976809088290124,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:59","end":"12:40","startHours":11.988432845574875,"endHours":12.659834311229227,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:57","end":"06:37","startHours":5.94581965468571,"endHours":6.617221120340062,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:27","end":"07:17","startHours":6.449370753926474,"endHours":7.288622585994414,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:00","end":"14:40","startHours":14.002637242537931,"endHours":14.674038708192283,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:10","end":"17:34","startHours":17.15964457080969,"endHours":17.559644570809688,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:22","end":"17:47","startHours":17.35964457080969,"endHours":17.779270486843657,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:07","end":"18:52","startHours":17.10964457080969,"endHours":18.85964457080969,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:59","end":"00:40","startHours":23.988432845574877,"endHours":24.659834311229226,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"07:17","end":"08:33","startHours":7.288622585994414,"endHours":8.547500334096323,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"08:33","end":"09:48","startHours":8.547500334096323,"endHours":9.806378082198233,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"09:48","end":"11:04","startHours":9.806378082198233,"endHours":11.065255830300142,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"11:04","end":"12:19","startHours":11.065255830300142,"endHours":12.324133578402051,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"12:19","end":"13:35","startHours":12.324133578402051,"endHours":13.58301132650396,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"13:35","end":"14:51","startHours":13.58301132650396,"endHours":14.84188907460587,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"14:51","end":"16:06","startHours":14.84188907460587,"endHours":16.10076682270778,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"16:06","end":"17:22","startHours":16.10076682270778,"endHours":17.35964457080969,"quality":"neutral"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"17:22","end":"19:06","startHours":17.35964457080969,"endHours":19.10076682270778,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"19:06","end":"20:51","startHours":19.10076682270778,"endHours":20.84188907460587,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"20:51","end":"22:35","startHours":20.84188907460587,"endHours":22.58301132650396,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"22:35","end":"00:19","startHours":22.58301132650396,"endHours":24.32413357840205,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"00:19","end":"02:04","startHours":24.32413357840205,"endHours":26.065255830300142,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"02:04","end":"03:48","startHours":26.065255830300142,"endHours":27.806378082198233,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"03:48","end":"05:33","startHours":27.806378082198233,"endHours":29.547500334096323,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"05:33","end":"07:17","startHours":29.547500334096323,"endHours":31.288622585994414,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:17","end":"08:17","startHours":7.288622585994414,"endHours":8.288622585994414,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:17","end":"09:17","startHours":8.288622585994414,"endHours":9.288622585994414,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:17","end":"10:17","startHours":9.288622585994414,"endHours":10.288622585994414,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:17","end":"11:17","startHours":10.288622585994414,"endHours":11.288622585994414,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:17","end":"12:17","startHours":11.288622585994414,"endHours":12.288622585994414,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:17","end":"13:17","startHours":12.288622585994414,"endHours":13.288622585994414,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:17","end":"14:17","startHours":13.288622585994414,"endHours":14.288622585994414,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:17","end":"15:17","startHours":14.288622585994414,"endHours":15.288622585994414,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:17","end":"16:17","startHours":15.288622585994414,"endHours":16.288622585994414,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:17","end":"17:17","startHours":16.288622585994414,"endHours":17.288622585994414,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:17","end":"18:17","startHours":17.288622585994414,"endHours":18.288622585994414,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:17","end":"19:17","startHours":18.288622585994414,"endHours":19.288622585994414,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:17","end":"20:17","startHours":19.288622585994414,"endHours":20.288622585994414,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:17","end":"21:17","startHours":20.288622585994414,"endHours":21.288622585994414,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:17","end":"22:17","startHours":21.288622585994414,"endHours":22.288622585994414,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:17","end":"23:17","startHours":22.288622585994414,"endHours":23.288622585994414,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:17","end":"00:17","startHours":23.288622585994414,"endHours":24.288622585994414,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:17","end":"01:17","startHours":24.288622585994414,"endHours":25.288622585994414,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:17","end":"02:17","startHours":25.288622585994414,"endHours":26.288622585994414,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:17","end":"03:17","startHours":26.288622585994414,"endHours":27.288622585994414,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:17","end":"04:17","startHours":27.288622585994414,"endHours":28.288622585994414,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:17","end":"05:17","startHours":28.288622585994414,"endHours":29.288622585994414,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:17","end":"06:17","startHours":29.288622585994414,"endHours":30.288622585994414,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:17","end":"07:17","startHours":30.288622585994414,"endHours":31.288622585994414,"planetary_lord":"Mars"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"South-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Padma","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":23.291300323774585,"eotMinutes":-2.890014704123143,"ayanamsa":23.8878}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2059,"vikram_samvatsara":"Manmatha","saka_samvat":1924,"saka_samvatsara":"Citrabhānu","bengali_samvat":1409,"malayalam_era":1178,"nanakshahi_year":533,"lunar_month":"Āṣāḍha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Āṣāḍha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mithuna (Āni)","ritu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","display_summary":"Āṣāḍha Kṛṣṇa Caturthī · Vikram 2059 Manmatha · Śaka 1924 Citrabhānu"},"festivals":[{"id":"mithuna-sankranti","name":"Mithuna Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"मिथुन सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Gemini.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Mithuna"},"precedence":5},{"id":"sankashti-chaturthi","name":"Saṅkaṣṭī Caturthī","name_sanskrit":"सङ्कष्टी चतुर्थी","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Gaṇeśa","significance":"Monthly Gaṇeśa vrata.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":19,"tithi_paksha":"Kṛṣṇa"},"precedence":6}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shukra-walk","name":"Śukra Walk","name_sanskrit":"शुक्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Beauty + creativity in dharma + BG 10.36.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/shukra-walk"},"reason":"Śukravāra (Friday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga June 28, 2002 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"June 28, 2002 CE for Perth, Australia: Kṛṣṇa Caturthī, sūryodaya 07:17, sūryāsta 17:22.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2002-06-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2002-06-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2002-06-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2002-06-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2002-06-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T15:26:30.930Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T15:26:30.930Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-16T15:26:30.930Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}