{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:2002-05-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2002-05-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2002-05-01","date_display":"May 1, 2002 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2002,"month":5,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452395.770833,"kali_year":5104,"ahargana":1863930.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":16.6819,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":247.4159,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":230.7339,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.7339},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3,"moon_longitude":247.4159,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.4159},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":264.0978},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":38,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2002,"month":5,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452395.770833,"ahargana":1863930.2708,"kali_year":5104,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8855,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":16.625405,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":248.32890500000008,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-0.5799},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":47.85030499999999,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":37.134405000000015,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":76.95860500000003,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":42.55670500000002,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":49.55130500000001,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":60.0044,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":240.0044,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2002,"month":5,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452395.770833,"kali_year":5104,"ahargana":1863930.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":16.6819,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":247.4159,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":230.7339,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.7339},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3,"moon_longitude":247.4159,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.4159},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":264.0978},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":38,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.58,"elongation":129.266},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.58,"opposition_distance":50.734}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"06:48","sunsetLocal":"17:39","solarNoonLocal":"12:14","dayLengthHours":10.856999263299679,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 51 Mins 25 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 08 Mins 35 Secs","moonriseLocal":"20:35","moonsetLocal":"10:46","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"12:14","end":"13:35","startHours":12.227333211183886,"endHours":13.584458119096345,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"08:09","end":"09:31","startHours":8.155958487446506,"endHours":9.513083395358965,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"10:52","end":"12:14","startHours":10.870208303271426,"endHours":12.227333211183886,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:20","end":"09:42","startHours":9.332133407637304,"endHours":9.694033383080626,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:15","end":"07:32","startHours":7.251208548838199,"endHours":7.540728529192857,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:52","end":"12:35","startHours":11.865433235740564,"endHours":12.589233186627208,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:21","end":"06:05","startHours":5.351233677760755,"endHours":6.0750336286474,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:54","end":"06:48","startHours":5.894083640925739,"endHours":6.798833579534046,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:02","end":"14:46","startHours":14.036833088400499,"endHours":14.760633039287145,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:27","end":"17:51","startHours":17.455832842833725,"endHours":17.855832842833724,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:39","end":"18:06","startHours":17.655832842833725,"endHours":18.108207812137877,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:24","end":"19:09","startHours":17.405832842833725,"endHours":19.155832842833725,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:52","end":"00:35","startHours":23.865433235740564,"endHours":24.589233186627208,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"06:48","end":"08:09","startHours":6.798833579534046,"endHours":8.155958487446506,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"08:09","end":"09:31","startHours":8.155958487446506,"endHours":9.513083395358965,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"09:31","end":"10:52","startHours":9.513083395358965,"endHours":10.870208303271426,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"10:52","end":"12:14","startHours":10.870208303271426,"endHours":12.227333211183886,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"12:14","end":"13:35","startHours":12.227333211183886,"endHours":13.584458119096345,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"13:35","end":"14:56","startHours":13.584458119096345,"endHours":14.941583027008805,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"14:56","end":"16:18","startHours":14.941583027008805,"endHours":16.298707934921264,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"16:18","end":"17:39","startHours":16.298707934921264,"endHours":17.655832842833725,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:39","end":"19:18","startHours":17.655832842833725,"endHours":19.298707934921264,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"19:18","end":"20:56","startHours":19.298707934921264,"endHours":20.941583027008804,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"20:56","end":"22:35","startHours":20.941583027008804,"endHours":22.584458119096347,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"22:35","end":"00:14","startHours":22.584458119096347,"endHours":24.227333211183886,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"00:14","end":"01:52","startHours":24.227333211183886,"endHours":25.870208303271426,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"01:52","end":"03:31","startHours":25.870208303271426,"endHours":27.513083395358965,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:31","end":"05:09","startHours":27.513083395358965,"endHours":29.155958487446505,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"05:09","end":"06:48","startHours":29.155958487446505,"endHours":30.798833579534048,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:48","end":"07:48","startHours":6.798833579534046,"endHours":7.798833579534046,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:48","end":"08:48","startHours":7.798833579534046,"endHours":8.798833579534046,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:48","end":"09:48","startHours":8.798833579534046,"endHours":9.798833579534046,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:48","end":"10:48","startHours":9.798833579534046,"endHours":10.798833579534046,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:48","end":"11:48","startHours":10.798833579534046,"endHours":11.798833579534046,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:48","end":"12:48","startHours":11.798833579534046,"endHours":12.798833579534046,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:48","end":"13:48","startHours":12.798833579534046,"endHours":13.798833579534046,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:48","end":"14:48","startHours":13.798833579534046,"endHours":14.798833579534046,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:48","end":"15:48","startHours":14.798833579534046,"endHours":15.798833579534046,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:48","end":"16:48","startHours":15.798833579534046,"endHours":16.798833579534048,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:48","end":"17:48","startHours":16.798833579534048,"endHours":17.798833579534048,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:48","end":"18:48","startHours":17.798833579534048,"endHours":18.798833579534048,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:48","end":"19:48","startHours":18.798833579534048,"endHours":19.798833579534048,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:48","end":"20:48","startHours":19.798833579534048,"endHours":20.798833579534048,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:48","end":"21:48","startHours":20.798833579534048,"endHours":21.798833579534048,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:48","end":"22:48","startHours":21.798833579534048,"endHours":22.798833579534048,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:48","end":"23:48","startHours":22.798833579534048,"endHours":23.798833579534048,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:48","end":"00:48","startHours":23.798833579534048,"endHours":24.798833579534048,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:48","end":"01:48","startHours":24.798833579534048,"endHours":25.798833579534048,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:48","end":"02:48","startHours":25.798833579534048,"endHours":26.798833579534048,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:48","end":"03:48","startHours":26.798833579534048,"endHours":27.798833579534048,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:48","end":"04:48","startHours":27.798833579534048,"endHours":28.798833579534048,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:48","end":"05:48","startHours":28.798833579534048,"endHours":29.798833579534048,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:48","end":"06:48","startHours":29.798833579534048,"endHours":30.798833579534048,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhūmra","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":14.97301743199298,"eotMinutes":2.918007328966811,"ayanamsa":23.8855}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2059,"vikram_samvatsara":"Manmatha","saka_samvat":1924,"saka_samvatsara":"Citrabhānu","bengali_samvat":1409,"malayalam_era":1178,"nanakshahi_year":533,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī · Vikram 2059 Manmatha · Śaka 1924 Citrabhānu"},"festivals":[{"id":"mesha-sankranti","name":"Meṣa Saṅkrānti (Vaiśākhī / Vishu / Pohelā Boishākh / Bihu)","name_sanskrit":"मेष सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Aries; solar new year. Regional: Vaiśākhī (Punjab) · Vishu (Kerala) · Pohelā Boishākh (Bengal) · Bihu (Assam) · Tamil Puthāṇḍu.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":1},{"id":"baisakhi","name":"Baisakhi (Vaiśākhī)","name_sanskrit":"वैशाखी","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya + Khalsa Pantha (Sikh)","significance":"Punjab New Year + Sikh Khalsa founding day.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga May 1, 2002 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"May 1, 2002 CE for Perth, Australia: Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī, sūryodaya 06:48, sūryāsta 17:39.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2002-05-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2002-05-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2002-05-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2002-05-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2002-05-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T08:47:48.823Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T08:47:48.823Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-16T08:47:48.823Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}