{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:2002-04-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2002-04-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2002-04-28","date_display":"April 28, 2002 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2002,"month":4,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452392.770833,"kali_year":5104,"ahargana":1863927.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":13.7819,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":206.7602,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":17,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":192.9783,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.9783},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":206.7602,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.7602},"yoga":{"number":17,"name":"Vyatīpāta","sum_longitude":220.542},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":32,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2002,"month":4,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452392.770833,"ahargana":1863927.2708,"kali_year":5104,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8854,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":13.710819000000015,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":206.338119,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":2.4756},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":45.830219,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":33.11651899999998,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":76.48911900000002,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":38.91121900000002,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":49.205219,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":60.1633,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":240.1633,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2002,"month":4,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452392.770833,"kali_year":5104,"ahargana":1863927.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":13.7819,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":206.7602,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":17,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":192.9783,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.9783},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":206.7602,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.7602},"yoga":{"number":17,"name":"Vyatīpāta","sum_longitude":220.542},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":32,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.476,"elongation":167.022},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.476,"opposition_distance":12.978}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"06:46","sunsetLocal":"17:42","solarNoonLocal":"12:14","dayLengthHours":10.939788740053302,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 56 Mins 23 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 03 Mins 37 Secs","moonriseLocal":"18:15","moonsetLocal":"07:54","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"16:20","end":"17:42","startHours":16.336847941596325,"endHours":17.704321534102988,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:14","end":"13:36","startHours":12.234427164076337,"endHours":13.601900756583,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"14:58","end":"16:20","startHours":14.969374349089662,"endHours":16.336847941596325,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:19","end":"09:41","startHours":9.31715016672879,"endHours":9.681809791397233,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:13","end":"07:31","startHours":7.22035732488524,"endHours":7.512085024619995,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:52","end":"12:36","startHours":11.869767539407894,"endHours":12.59908678874478,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:18","end":"06:02","startHours":5.3058942953759125,"endHours":6.0352135447128,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:51","end":"06:46","startHours":5.852883732378578,"endHours":6.764532794049686,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:03","end":"14:47","startHours":14.057725287418556,"endHours":14.787044536755444,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:30","end":"17:54","startHours":17.50432153410299,"endHours":17.904321534102987,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:42","end":"18:10","startHours":17.704321534102988,"endHours":18.16014606493854,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:27","end":"19:12","startHours":17.454321534102988,"endHours":19.204321534102988,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:52","end":"00:36","startHours":23.869767539407892,"endHours":24.59908678874478,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:46","end":"08:08","startHours":6.764532794049686,"endHours":8.132006386556348,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"08:08","end":"09:30","startHours":8.132006386556348,"endHours":9.499479979063011,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:30","end":"10:52","startHours":9.499479979063011,"endHours":10.866953571569674,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:52","end":"12:14","startHours":10.866953571569674,"endHours":12.234427164076337,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:14","end":"13:36","startHours":12.234427164076337,"endHours":13.601900756583,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"13:36","end":"14:58","startHours":13.601900756583,"endHours":14.969374349089662,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"14:58","end":"16:20","startHours":14.969374349089662,"endHours":16.336847941596325,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"16:20","end":"17:42","startHours":16.336847941596325,"endHours":17.704321534102988,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"17:42","end":"19:20","startHours":17.704321534102988,"endHours":19.336847941596325,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"19:20","end":"20:58","startHours":19.336847941596325,"endHours":20.969374349089662,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"20:58","end":"22:36","startHours":20.969374349089662,"endHours":22.601900756583,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"22:36","end":"00:14","startHours":22.601900756583,"endHours":24.234427164076337,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:14","end":"01:52","startHours":24.234427164076337,"endHours":25.866953571569674,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:52","end":"03:30","startHours":25.866953571569674,"endHours":27.49947997906301,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:30","end":"05:08","startHours":27.49947997906301,"endHours":29.13200638655635,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"05:08","end":"06:46","startHours":29.13200638655635,"endHours":30.764532794049686,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:46","end":"07:46","startHours":6.764532794049686,"endHours":7.764532794049686,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:46","end":"08:46","startHours":7.764532794049686,"endHours":8.764532794049686,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:46","end":"09:46","startHours":8.764532794049686,"endHours":9.764532794049686,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:46","end":"10:46","startHours":9.764532794049686,"endHours":10.764532794049686,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:46","end":"11:46","startHours":10.764532794049686,"endHours":11.764532794049686,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:46","end":"12:46","startHours":11.764532794049686,"endHours":12.764532794049686,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:46","end":"13:46","startHours":12.764532794049686,"endHours":13.764532794049686,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:46","end":"14:46","startHours":13.764532794049686,"endHours":14.764532794049686,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:46","end":"15:46","startHours":14.764532794049686,"endHours":15.764532794049686,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:46","end":"16:46","startHours":15.764532794049686,"endHours":16.764532794049686,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:46","end":"17:46","startHours":16.764532794049686,"endHours":17.764532794049686,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:46","end":"18:46","startHours":17.764532794049686,"endHours":18.764532794049686,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:46","end":"19:46","startHours":18.764532794049686,"endHours":19.764532794049686,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:46","end":"20:46","startHours":19.764532794049686,"endHours":20.764532794049686,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:46","end":"21:46","startHours":20.764532794049686,"endHours":21.764532794049686,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:46","end":"22:46","startHours":21.764532794049686,"endHours":22.764532794049686,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:46","end":"23:46","startHours":22.764532794049686,"endHours":23.764532794049686,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:46","end":"00:46","startHours":23.764532794049686,"endHours":24.764532794049686,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:46","end":"01:46","startHours":24.764532794049686,"endHours":25.764532794049686,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:46","end":"02:46","startHours":25.764532794049686,"endHours":26.764532794049686,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:46","end":"03:46","startHours":26.764532794049686,"endHours":27.764532794049686,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:46","end":"04:46","startHours":27.764532794049686,"endHours":28.764532794049686,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:46","end":"05:46","startHours":28.764532794049686,"endHours":29.764532794049686,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:46","end":"06:46","startHours":29.764532794049686,"endHours":30.764532794049686,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"North","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Utpāta","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":14.043219470318919,"eotMinutes":2.4923701554198168,"ayanamsa":23.8854}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2059,"vikram_samvatsara":"Manmatha","saka_samvat":1924,"saka_samvatsara":"Citrabhānu","bengali_samvat":1409,"malayalam_era":1178,"nanakshahi_year":533,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā · Vikram 2059 Manmatha · Śaka 1924 Citrabhānu"},"festivals":[{"id":"mesha-sankranti","name":"Meṣa Saṅkrānti (Vaiśākhī / Vishu / Pohelā Boishākh / Bihu)","name_sanskrit":"मेष सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Aries; solar new year. Regional: Vaiśākhī (Punjab) · Vishu (Kerala) · Pohelā Boishākh (Bengal) · Bihu (Assam) · Tamil Puthāṇḍu.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":1},{"id":"baisakhi","name":"Baisakhi (Vaiśākhī)","name_sanskrit":"वैशाखी","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya + Khalsa Pantha (Sikh)","significance":"Punjab New Year + Sikh Khalsa founding day.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-0562-04-11","event":"Bhagavān Buddha's birth at Lumbinī","chart_id":"buddha","shared_marker":"same Viśākhā","url":"/day/-0562-04-11","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga April 28, 2002 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"April 28, 2002 CE for Perth, Australia: Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā, sūryodaya 06:46, sūryāsta 17:42.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2002-04-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2002-04-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2002-04-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2002-04-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2002-04-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T13:35:46.067Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T13:35:46.067Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-16T13:35:46.067Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}