{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:2001-12-15:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2001-12-15","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2001-12-15","date_display":"December 15, 2001 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2001,"month":12,"day":15,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452258.770833,"kali_year":5103,"ahargana":1863793.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":238.8574,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":242.8103,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":1,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pratipada","elongation_degrees":3.953,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.953},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1,"moon_longitude":242.8103,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.8103},"yoga":{"number":10,"name":"Gaṇḍa","sum_longitude":121.6677},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":0,"name":"Kiṃstughna"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2001,"month":12,"day":15,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452258.770833,"ahargana":1863793.2708,"kali_year":5103,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8803,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":239.24743899999999,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":241.321639,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":0.349},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":310.59503900000004,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":244.87703899999997,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":78.90143899999998,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":231.94963899999993,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":46.56573900000001,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":67.2633,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":247.2633,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2001,"month":12,"day":15,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452258.770833,"kali_year":5103,"ahargana":1863793.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":238.8574,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":242.8103,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":1,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pratipada","elongation_degrees":3.953,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.953},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1,"moon_longitude":242.8103,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.8103},"yoga":{"number":10,"name":"Gaṇḍa","sum_longitude":121.6677},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":0,"name":"Kiṃstughna"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.349,"elongation":3.953},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.349,"opposition_distance":176.047}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"05:06","sunsetLocal":"19:19","solarNoonLocal":"12:12","dayLengthHours":14.221430119907879,"dayLengthDisplay":"14 Hours 13 Mins 17 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"9 Hours 46 Mins 43 Secs","moonriseLocal":"05:15","moonsetLocal":"19:26","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"08:39","end":"10:26","startHours":8.65097688613016,"endHours":10.428655651118643,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:59","end":"15:46","startHours":13.984013181095612,"endHours":15.761691946084099,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"05:06","end":"06:52","startHours":5.095619356153189,"endHours":6.873298121141674,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:25","end":"08:53","startHours":8.41395305079836,"endHours":8.888000721461957,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:41","end":"06:04","startHours":5.688178944482684,"endHours":6.067417081013561,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:44","end":"12:41","startHours":11.732286745443533,"endHours":12.680382086770726,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:12","end":"04:09","startHours":3.199428673498805,"endHours":4.147524014825997,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"03:55","end":"05:06","startHours":3.910500179494199,"endHours":5.095619356153189,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:35","end":"15:31","startHours":14.576572769425109,"endHours":15.524668110752302,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:07","end":"19:31","startHours":19.11704947606107,"endHours":19.517049476061068,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:19","end":"19:55","startHours":19.31704947606107,"endHours":19.909609064390565,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"19:04","end":"20:49","startHours":19.06704947606107,"endHours":20.81704947606107,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:44","end":"00:41","startHours":23.732286745443535,"endHours":24.680382086770724,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"05:06","end":"06:52","startHours":5.095619356153189,"endHours":6.873298121141674,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"06:52","end":"08:39","startHours":6.873298121141674,"endHours":8.65097688613016,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"08:39","end":"10:26","startHours":8.65097688613016,"endHours":10.428655651118643,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:26","end":"12:12","startHours":10.428655651118643,"endHours":12.20633441610713,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:12","end":"13:59","startHours":12.20633441610713,"endHours":13.984013181095612,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:59","end":"15:46","startHours":13.984013181095612,"endHours":15.761691946084099,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:46","end":"17:32","startHours":15.761691946084099,"endHours":17.539370711072582,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"17:32","end":"19:19","startHours":17.539370711072582,"endHours":19.31704947606107,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"19:19","end":"20:32","startHours":19.31704947606107,"endHours":20.539370711072586,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"20:32","end":"21:46","startHours":20.539370711072586,"endHours":21.7616919460841,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:46","end":"22:59","startHours":21.7616919460841,"endHours":22.984013181095612,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:59","end":"00:12","startHours":22.984013181095612,"endHours":24.20633441610713,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:12","end":"01:26","startHours":24.20633441610713,"endHours":25.428655651118646,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:26","end":"02:39","startHours":25.428655651118646,"endHours":26.65097688613016,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"02:39","end":"03:52","startHours":26.65097688613016,"endHours":27.873298121141673,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"03:52","end":"05:06","startHours":27.873298121141673,"endHours":29.09561935615319,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:06","end":"06:06","startHours":5.095619356153189,"endHours":6.095619356153189,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:06","end":"07:06","startHours":6.095619356153189,"endHours":7.095619356153189,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:06","end":"08:06","startHours":7.095619356153189,"endHours":8.09561935615319,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:06","end":"09:06","startHours":8.09561935615319,"endHours":9.09561935615319,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:06","end":"10:06","startHours":9.09561935615319,"endHours":10.09561935615319,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:06","end":"11:06","startHours":10.09561935615319,"endHours":11.09561935615319,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:06","end":"12:06","startHours":11.09561935615319,"endHours":12.09561935615319,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:06","end":"13:06","startHours":12.09561935615319,"endHours":13.09561935615319,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:06","end":"14:06","startHours":13.09561935615319,"endHours":14.09561935615319,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:06","end":"15:06","startHours":14.09561935615319,"endHours":15.09561935615319,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:06","end":"16:06","startHours":15.09561935615319,"endHours":16.09561935615319,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:06","end":"17:06","startHours":16.09561935615319,"endHours":17.09561935615319,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:06","end":"18:06","startHours":17.09561935615319,"endHours":18.09561935615319,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:06","end":"19:06","startHours":18.09561935615319,"endHours":19.09561935615319,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:06","end":"20:06","startHours":19.09561935615319,"endHours":20.09561935615319,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:06","end":"21:06","startHours":20.09561935615319,"endHours":21.09561935615319,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:06","end":"22:06","startHours":21.09561935615319,"endHours":22.09561935615319,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:06","end":"23:06","startHours":22.09561935615319,"endHours":23.09561935615319,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:06","end":"00:06","startHours":23.09561935615319,"endHours":24.09561935615319,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:06","end":"01:06","startHours":24.09561935615319,"endHours":25.09561935615319,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:06","end":"02:06","startHours":25.09561935615319,"endHours":26.09561935615319,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:06","end":"03:06","startHours":26.09561935615319,"endHours":27.09561935615319,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:06","end":"04:06","startHours":27.09561935615319,"endHours":28.09561935615319,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:06","end":"05:06","startHours":28.09561935615319,"endHours":29.09561935615319,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Lumba","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Śarad (Autumn)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-23.258172614419244,"eotMinutes":4.177935033572184,"ayanamsa":23.8803}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2058,"vikram_samvatsara":"Jaya","saka_samvat":1923,"saka_samvatsara":"Vṛṣa","bengali_samvat":1408,"malayalam_era":1177,"nanakshahi_year":532,"lunar_month":"Mārgaśīrṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Mārgaśīrṣa Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Vṛścika (Kārttikai)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Mārgaśīrṣa Śukla Pratipada · Vikram 2058 Jaya · Śaka 1923 Vṛṣa"},"festivals":[{"id":"vrischika-sankranti","name":"Vṛścika Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"वृश्चिक सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Scorpio.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Vṛścika"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 15, 2001 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 15, 2001 CE for Perth, Australia: Śukla Pratipada, sūryodaya 05:06, sūryāsta 19:19.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2001-12-15","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2001-12-15","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2001-12-15","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2001-12-15","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2001-12-15"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-20T08:05:50.885Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-20T08:05:50.885Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-20T08:05:50.885Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}