{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:2001-10-16:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2001-10-16","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2001-10-16","date_display":"October 16, 2001 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2001,"month":10,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452198.770833,"kali_year":5103,"ahargana":1863733.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":178.1338,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":169.1164,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":350.9826,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.9826},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":3,"moon_longitude":169.1164,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.1164},"yoga":{"number":27,"name":"Vaidhṛti","sum_longitude":347.2501},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":58,"name":"Catuṣpāda"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2001,"month":10,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452198.770833,"ahargana":1863733.2708,"kali_year":5103,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.878,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":178.870631,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":168.196231,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.4484},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":268.27203099999997,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":174.76293099999998,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":81.215531,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":156.81663100000003,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":50.684631000000024,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":70.4424,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":250.4424,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2001,"month":10,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452198.770833,"kali_year":5103,"ahargana":1863733.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":178.1338,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":169.1164,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":350.9826,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.9826},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":3,"moon_longitude":169.1164,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.1164},"yoga":{"number":27,"name":"Vaidhṛti","sum_longitude":347.2501},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":58,"name":"Catuṣpāda"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.448,"elongation":9.017},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.448,"opposition_distance":170.983}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"05:35","sunsetLocal":"18:28","solarNoonLocal":"12:02","dayLengthHours":12.8759806686705,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 52 Mins 34 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 07 Mins 26 Secs","moonriseLocal":"05:04","moonsetLocal":"17:34","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"15:15","end":"16:51","startHours":15.244166340981273,"endHours":16.853663924565087,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"08:48","end":"10:25","startHours":8.806176006646023,"endHours":10.415673590229837,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"12:02","end":"13:38","startHours":12.02517117381365,"endHours":13.634668757397463,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:35","end":"09:01","startHours":8.591576328834849,"endHours":9.020775684457199,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:07","end":"06:28","startHours":6.123680034006337,"endHours":6.467039518504217,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:36","end":"12:27","startHours":11.5959718181913,"endHours":12.454370529436,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:52","end":"04:44","startHours":3.870383416988999,"endHours":4.728782128233699,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:31","end":"05:35","startHours":4.514182450422524,"endHours":5.587180839478399,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:10","end":"15:02","startHours":14.171167951925398,"endHours":15.029566663170097,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:16","end":"18:40","startHours":18.2631615081489,"endHours":18.6631615081489,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:28","end":"19:00","startHours":18.4631615081489,"endHours":18.999660702676838,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:13","end":"19:58","startHours":18.2131615081489,"endHours":19.9631615081489,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:36","end":"00:27","startHours":23.5959718181913,"endHours":24.454370529436,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"05:35","end":"07:12","startHours":5.587180839478399,"endHours":7.196678423062211,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"07:12","end":"08:48","startHours":7.196678423062211,"endHours":8.806176006646023,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"08:48","end":"10:25","startHours":8.806176006646023,"endHours":10.415673590229837,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:25","end":"12:02","startHours":10.415673590229837,"endHours":12.02517117381365,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"12:02","end":"13:38","startHours":12.02517117381365,"endHours":13.634668757397463,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"13:38","end":"15:15","startHours":13.634668757397463,"endHours":15.244166340981273,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"15:15","end":"16:51","startHours":15.244166340981273,"endHours":16.853663924565087,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"16:51","end":"18:28","startHours":16.853663924565087,"endHours":18.4631615081489,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"18:28","end":"19:51","startHours":18.4631615081489,"endHours":19.853663924565087,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"19:51","end":"21:15","startHours":19.853663924565087,"endHours":21.244166340981273,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"21:15","end":"22:38","startHours":21.244166340981273,"endHours":22.634668757397463,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"22:38","end":"00:02","startHours":22.634668757397463,"endHours":24.02517117381365,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"00:02","end":"01:25","startHours":24.02517117381365,"endHours":25.415673590229837,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"01:25","end":"02:48","startHours":25.415673590229837,"endHours":26.806176006646027,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:48","end":"04:12","startHours":26.806176006646027,"endHours":28.196678423062213,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"04:12","end":"05:35","startHours":28.196678423062213,"endHours":29.5871808394784,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:35","end":"06:35","startHours":5.587180839478399,"endHours":6.587180839478399,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:35","end":"07:35","startHours":6.587180839478399,"endHours":7.587180839478399,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:35","end":"08:35","startHours":7.587180839478399,"endHours":8.5871808394784,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:35","end":"09:35","startHours":8.5871808394784,"endHours":9.5871808394784,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:35","end":"10:35","startHours":9.5871808394784,"endHours":10.5871808394784,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:35","end":"11:35","startHours":10.5871808394784,"endHours":11.5871808394784,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:35","end":"12:35","startHours":11.5871808394784,"endHours":12.5871808394784,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:35","end":"13:35","startHours":12.5871808394784,"endHours":13.5871808394784,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:35","end":"14:35","startHours":13.5871808394784,"endHours":14.5871808394784,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:35","end":"15:35","startHours":14.5871808394784,"endHours":15.5871808394784,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:35","end":"16:35","startHours":15.5871808394784,"endHours":16.5871808394784,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:35","end":"17:35","startHours":16.5871808394784,"endHours":17.5871808394784,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:35","end":"18:35","startHours":17.5871808394784,"endHours":18.5871808394784,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:35","end":"19:35","startHours":18.5871808394784,"endHours":19.5871808394784,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:35","end":"20:35","startHours":19.5871808394784,"endHours":20.5871808394784,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:35","end":"21:35","startHours":20.5871808394784,"endHours":21.5871808394784,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:35","end":"22:35","startHours":21.5871808394784,"endHours":22.5871808394784,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:35","end":"23:35","startHours":22.5871808394784,"endHours":23.5871808394784,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:35","end":"00:35","startHours":23.5871808394784,"endHours":24.5871808394784,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:35","end":"01:35","startHours":24.5871808394784,"endHours":25.5871808394784,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:35","end":"02:35","startHours":25.5871808394784,"endHours":26.5871808394784,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:35","end":"03:35","startHours":26.5871808394784,"endHours":27.5871808394784,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:35","end":"04:35","startHours":27.5871808394784,"endHours":28.5871808394784,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:35","end":"05:35","startHours":28.5871808394784,"endHours":29.5871808394784,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"North-West","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Amṛta","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śarad (Autumn) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-8.847133682069035,"eotMinutes":15.04772957118102,"ayanamsa":23.878}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2058,"vikram_samvatsara":"Jaya","saka_samvat":1923,"saka_samvatsara":"Vṛṣa","bengali_samvat":1408,"malayalam_era":1177,"nanakshahi_year":532,"lunar_month":"Āśvina","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Āśvina Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Kanyā (Puraṭṭāsi)","ritu":"Śarad (Autumn)","display_summary":"Āśvina Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā · Vikram 2058 Jaya · Śaka 1923 Vṛṣa"},"festivals":[{"id":"kanya-sankranti","name":"Kanyā Saṅkrānti (Mahālaya begins)","name_sanskrit":"कन्या सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Virgo; Mahālaya / Pitṛ-Pakṣa solar marker.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Kanyā"},"precedence":4}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-10-20","event":"Karṇa-Vadha (Mahābhārata Day 17)","chart_id":"karna","shared_marker":"same Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","url":"/day/-3137-10-20","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga October 16, 2001 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"October 16, 2001 CE for Perth, Australia: Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā, sūryodaya 05:35, sūryāsta 18:28.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2001-10-16","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2001-10-16","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2001-10-16","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2001-10-16","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2001-10-16"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-17T00:55:41.102Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-17T00:55:41.102Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-17T00:55:41.102Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}