{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:2001-08-16:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2001-08-16","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2001-08-16","date_display":"August 16, 2001 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2001,"month":8,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452137.770833,"kali_year":5103,"ahargana":1863672.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":118.759,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":77.7327,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":27,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":318.9737,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.9737},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":77.7327,"elapsed_within_degrees":11.066},"yoga":{"number":15,"name":"Vajra","sum_longitude":196.4917},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":53,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2001,"month":8,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452137.770833,"ahargana":1863672.2708,"kali_year":5103,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8757,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":119.38086199999998,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":76.26956200000001,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":0.3181},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":235.97376200000008,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":129.509662,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":73.14296200000001,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":82.96606200000002,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":49.497162,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":73.6745,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":253.6745,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2001,"month":8,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452137.770833,"kali_year":5103,"ahargana":1863672.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":118.759,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":77.7327,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":27,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":318.9737,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.9737},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":77.7327,"elapsed_within_degrees":11.066},"yoga":{"number":15,"name":"Vajra","sum_longitude":196.4917},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":53,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.318,"elongation":41.026},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.318,"opposition_distance":138.974}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"06:52","sunsetLocal":"17:49","solarNoonLocal":"12:21","dayLengthHours":10.964429938073295,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 57 Mins 52 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 02 Mins 08 Secs","moonriseLocal":"04:27","moonsetLocal":"14:30","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"13:43","end":"15:05","startHours":13.712684668878033,"endHours":15.083238411137195,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"06:52","end":"08:14","startHours":6.859915957582225,"endHours":8.230469699841386,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"09:36","end":"10:58","startHours":9.601023442100548,"endHours":10.97157718435971,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:25","end":"09:47","startHours":9.41828294313266,"endHours":9.783763941068436,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:19","end":"07:37","startHours":7.316767205001946,"endHours":7.609152003350567,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:59","end":"12:42","startHours":11.976649928683095,"endHours":12.707611924554648,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:24","end":"06:08","startHours":5.397991965839119,"endHours":6.128953961710672,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:57","end":"06:52","startHours":5.946213462742784,"endHours":6.859915957582225,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:10","end":"14:54","startHours":14.169535916297754,"endHours":14.900497912169307,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:37","end":"18:01","startHours":17.62434589565552,"endHours":18.024345895655518,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:49","end":"18:17","startHours":17.82434589565552,"endHours":18.28119714307524,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:34","end":"19:19","startHours":17.57434589565552,"endHours":19.32434589565552,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:59","end":"00:42","startHours":23.976649928683095,"endHours":24.707611924554648,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"06:52","end":"08:14","startHours":6.859915957582225,"endHours":8.230469699841386,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"08:14","end":"09:36","startHours":8.230469699841386,"endHours":9.601023442100548,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"09:36","end":"10:58","startHours":9.601023442100548,"endHours":10.97157718435971,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"10:58","end":"12:21","startHours":10.97157718435971,"endHours":12.342130926618871,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"12:21","end":"13:43","startHours":12.342130926618871,"endHours":13.712684668878033,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"13:43","end":"15:05","startHours":13.712684668878033,"endHours":15.083238411137195,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"15:05","end":"16:27","startHours":15.083238411137195,"endHours":16.453792153396357,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"16:27","end":"17:49","startHours":16.453792153396357,"endHours":17.82434589565552,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"17:49","end":"19:27","startHours":17.82434589565552,"endHours":19.453792153396357,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"19:27","end":"21:05","startHours":19.453792153396357,"endHours":21.083238411137195,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"21:05","end":"22:43","startHours":21.083238411137195,"endHours":22.712684668878033,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"22:43","end":"00:21","startHours":22.712684668878033,"endHours":24.34213092661887,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"00:21","end":"01:58","startHours":24.34213092661887,"endHours":25.97157718435971,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"01:58","end":"03:36","startHours":25.97157718435971,"endHours":27.601023442100548,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"03:36","end":"05:14","startHours":27.601023442100548,"endHours":29.230469699841386,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"05:14","end":"06:52","startHours":29.230469699841386,"endHours":30.859915957582224,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:52","end":"07:52","startHours":6.859915957582225,"endHours":7.859915957582225,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:52","end":"08:52","startHours":7.859915957582225,"endHours":8.859915957582224,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:52","end":"09:52","startHours":8.859915957582224,"endHours":9.859915957582224,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:52","end":"10:52","startHours":9.859915957582224,"endHours":10.859915957582224,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:52","end":"11:52","startHours":10.859915957582224,"endHours":11.859915957582224,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:52","end":"12:52","startHours":11.859915957582224,"endHours":12.859915957582224,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:52","end":"13:52","startHours":12.859915957582224,"endHours":13.859915957582224,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:52","end":"14:52","startHours":13.859915957582224,"endHours":14.859915957582224,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:52","end":"15:52","startHours":14.859915957582224,"endHours":15.859915957582224,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:52","end":"16:52","startHours":15.859915957582224,"endHours":16.859915957582224,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:52","end":"17:52","startHours":16.859915957582224,"endHours":17.859915957582224,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:52","end":"18:52","startHours":17.859915957582224,"endHours":18.859915957582224,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:52","end":"19:52","startHours":18.859915957582224,"endHours":19.859915957582224,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:52","end":"20:52","startHours":19.859915957582224,"endHours":20.859915957582224,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:52","end":"21:52","startHours":20.859915957582224,"endHours":21.859915957582224,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:52","end":"22:52","startHours":21.859915957582224,"endHours":22.859915957582224,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:52","end":"23:52","startHours":22.859915957582224,"endHours":23.859915957582224,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:52","end":"00:52","startHours":23.859915957582224,"endHours":24.859915957582224,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:52","end":"01:52","startHours":24.859915957582224,"endHours":25.859915957582224,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:52","end":"02:52","startHours":25.859915957582224,"endHours":26.859915957582224,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:52","end":"03:52","startHours":26.859915957582224,"endHours":27.859915957582224,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:52","end":"04:52","startHours":27.859915957582224,"endHours":28.859915957582224,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:52","end":"05:52","startHours":28.859915957582224,"endHours":29.859915957582224,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:52","end":"06:52","startHours":29.859915957582224,"endHours":30.859915957582224,"planetary_lord":"Moon"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"South (Dakṣiṇa)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"North-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mausala","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":13.764789700033868,"eotMinutes":-3.969855597132357,"ayanamsa":23.8757}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2058,"vikram_samvatsara":"Jaya","saka_samvat":1923,"saka_samvatsara":"Vṛṣa","bengali_samvat":1408,"malayalam_era":1177,"nanakshahi_year":532,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī · Vikram 2058 Jaya · Śaka 1923 Vṛṣa"},"festivals":[{"id":"karka-sankranti","name":"Karka Saṅkrānti (Dakṣiṇāyana)","name_sanskrit":"कर्क सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Cancer; Dakṣiṇāyana (south-going) begins. Devatā-rātri begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Karka"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"guru-walk","name":"Bṛhaspati Walk","name_sanskrit":"गुरु यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Wisdom transmission + BG 4.34.","step_count":8,"url":"/walk/guru-walk"},"reason":"Guruvāra (Thursday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga August 16, 2001 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"August 16, 2001 CE for Perth, Australia: Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī, sūryodaya 06:52, sūryāsta 17:49.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2001-08-16","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2001-08-16","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2001-08-16","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2001-08-16","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2001-08-16"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T16:46:55.347Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T16:46:55.347Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-16T16:46:55.347Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}