{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:2001-07-21:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2001-07-21","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2001-07-21","date_display":"July 21, 2001 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2001,"month":7,"day":21,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452111.770833,"kali_year":5103,"ahargana":1863646.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":94.0181,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":96.0553,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"tithi":{"number":1,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pratipada","elongation_degrees":2.0372,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.0372},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":1,"moon_longitude":96.0553,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.7219},"yoga":{"number":15,"name":"Vajra","sum_longitude":190.0734},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":0,"name":"Kiṃstughna"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2001,"month":7,"day":21,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452111.770833,"ahargana":1863646.2708,"kali_year":5103,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8747,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":94.490456,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":97.57935599999996,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":1.6114},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":231.20225600000003,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":77.854356,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":67.82255599999996,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":53.041156,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":47.23775599999999,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":75.0521,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":255.0521,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2001,"month":7,"day":21,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452111.770833,"kali_year":5103,"ahargana":1863646.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":94.0181,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":96.0553,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"tithi":{"number":1,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pratipada","elongation_degrees":2.0372,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.0372},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":1,"moon_longitude":96.0553,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.7219},"yoga":{"number":15,"name":"Vajra","sum_longitude":190.0734},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":0,"name":"Kiṃstughna"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":1.611,"elongation":2.037},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":1.611,"opposition_distance":177.963}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"07:12","sunsetLocal":"17:33","solarNoonLocal":"12:23","dayLengthHours":10.34681016765088,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 20 Mins 49 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 39 Mins 11 Secs","moonriseLocal":"07:24","moonsetLocal":"17:46","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"09:47","end":"11:05","startHours":9.790094182008678,"endHours":11.083445452965037,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:40","end":"14:58","startHours":13.670147994877759,"endHours":14.963499265834118,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"07:12","end":"08:30","startHours":7.203391640095958,"endHours":8.49674291105232,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:37","end":"09:58","startHours":9.617647345881164,"endHours":9.962541018136193,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:38","end":"07:55","startHours":7.634508730414745,"endHours":7.910423668218768,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:02","end":"12:43","startHours":12.031903051666369,"endHours":12.721690396176427,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:49","end":"06:31","startHours":5.823816951075841,"endHours":6.5136042955859,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:20","end":"07:12","startHours":6.341157459458385,"endHours":7.203391640095958,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:06","end":"14:47","startHours":14.101265085196545,"endHours":14.791052429706603,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:21","end":"17:45","startHours":17.35020180774684,"endHours":17.750201807746837,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:33","end":"17:59","startHours":17.550201807746838,"endHours":17.981318898065624,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:18","end":"19:03","startHours":17.300201807746838,"endHours":19.050201807746838,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:02","end":"00:43","startHours":24.03190305166637,"endHours":24.721690396176427,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"07:12","end":"08:30","startHours":7.203391640095958,"endHours":8.49674291105232,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"08:30","end":"09:47","startHours":8.49674291105232,"endHours":9.790094182008678,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:47","end":"11:05","startHours":9.790094182008678,"endHours":11.083445452965037,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"11:05","end":"12:23","startHours":11.083445452965037,"endHours":12.376796723921398,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:23","end":"13:40","startHours":12.376796723921398,"endHours":13.670147994877759,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:40","end":"14:58","startHours":13.670147994877759,"endHours":14.963499265834118,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"14:58","end":"16:15","startHours":14.963499265834118,"endHours":16.256850536790477,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"16:15","end":"17:33","startHours":16.256850536790477,"endHours":17.550201807746838,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"17:33","end":"19:15","startHours":17.550201807746838,"endHours":19.256850536790477,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:15","end":"20:58","startHours":19.256850536790477,"endHours":20.963499265834116,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"20:58","end":"22:40","startHours":20.963499265834116,"endHours":22.67014799487776,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:40","end":"00:23","startHours":22.67014799487776,"endHours":24.376796723921398,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:23","end":"02:05","startHours":24.376796723921398,"endHours":26.083445452965037,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"02:05","end":"03:47","startHours":26.083445452965037,"endHours":27.79009418200868,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:47","end":"05:30","startHours":27.79009418200868,"endHours":29.49674291105232,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"05:30","end":"07:12","startHours":29.49674291105232,"endHours":31.20339164009596,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:12","end":"08:12","startHours":7.203391640095958,"endHours":8.203391640095958,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:12","end":"09:12","startHours":8.203391640095958,"endHours":9.203391640095958,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:12","end":"10:12","startHours":9.203391640095958,"endHours":10.203391640095958,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:12","end":"11:12","startHours":10.203391640095958,"endHours":11.203391640095958,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:12","end":"12:12","startHours":11.203391640095958,"endHours":12.203391640095958,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:12","end":"13:12","startHours":12.203391640095958,"endHours":13.203391640095958,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:12","end":"14:12","startHours":13.203391640095958,"endHours":14.203391640095958,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:12","end":"15:12","startHours":14.203391640095958,"endHours":15.203391640095958,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:12","end":"16:12","startHours":15.203391640095958,"endHours":16.20339164009596,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:12","end":"17:12","startHours":16.20339164009596,"endHours":17.20339164009596,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:12","end":"18:12","startHours":17.20339164009596,"endHours":18.20339164009596,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:12","end":"19:12","startHours":18.20339164009596,"endHours":19.20339164009596,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:12","end":"20:12","startHours":19.20339164009596,"endHours":20.20339164009596,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:12","end":"21:12","startHours":20.20339164009596,"endHours":21.20339164009596,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:12","end":"22:12","startHours":21.20339164009596,"endHours":22.20339164009596,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:12","end":"23:12","startHours":22.20339164009596,"endHours":23.20339164009596,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:12","end":"00:12","startHours":23.20339164009596,"endHours":24.20339164009596,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:12","end":"01:12","startHours":24.20339164009596,"endHours":25.20339164009596,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:12","end":"02:12","startHours":25.20339164009596,"endHours":26.20339164009596,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:12","end":"03:12","startHours":26.20339164009596,"endHours":27.20339164009596,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:12","end":"04:12","startHours":27.20339164009596,"endHours":28.20339164009596,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:12","end":"05:12","startHours":28.20339164009596,"endHours":29.20339164009596,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:12","end":"06:12","startHours":29.20339164009596,"endHours":30.20339164009596,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:12","end":"07:12","startHours":30.20339164009596,"endHours":31.20339164009596,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Prajāpati","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":20.486077774386107,"eotMinutes":-6.049803435283957,"ayanamsa":23.8747}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2058,"vikram_samvatsara":"Jaya","saka_samvat":1923,"saka_samvatsara":"Vṛṣa","bengali_samvat":1408,"malayalam_era":1177,"nanakshahi_year":532,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Pratipada · Vikram 2058 Jaya · Śaka 1923 Vṛṣa"},"festivals":[{"id":"karka-sankranti","name":"Karka Saṅkrānti (Dakṣiṇāyana)","name_sanskrit":"कर्क सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Cancer; Dakṣiṇāyana (south-going) begins. Devatā-rātri begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Karka"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 21, 2001 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 21, 2001 CE for Perth, Australia: Śukla Pratipada, sūryodaya 07:12, sūryāsta 17:33.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2001-07-21","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2001-07-21","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2001-07-21","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2001-07-21","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2001-07-21"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-17T07:41:29.657Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-17T07:41:29.657Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-17T07:41:29.657Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}