{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:2001-03-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2001-03-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2001-03-31","date_display":"March 31, 2001 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2001,"month":3,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451999.770833,"kali_year":5102,"ahargana":1863534.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":346.6942,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":60.4926,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":7,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Saptamī","elongation_degrees":73.7984,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.7984},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":60.4926,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.1593},"yoga":{"number":4,"name":"Saubhāgya","sum_longitude":47.1868},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":12,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2001,"month":3,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451999.770833,"ahargana":1863534.2708,"kali_year":5102,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8704,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":346.528635,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":58.48433499999999,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-1.5741},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":236.40343499999994,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":325.66523499999994,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":43.53353499999997,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":345.174835,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":33.75253500000002,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":80.9864,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":260.9864,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2001,"month":3,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451999.770833,"kali_year":5102,"ahargana":1863534.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":346.6942,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":60.4926,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":7,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Saptamī","elongation_degrees":73.7984,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.7984},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":60.4926,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.1593},"yoga":{"number":4,"name":"Saubhāgya","sum_longitude":47.1868},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":12,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.574,"elongation":73.798},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.574,"opposition_distance":106.202}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"06:28","sunsetLocal":"18:15","solarNoonLocal":"12:21","dayLengthHours":11.788268658382265,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 47 Mins 18 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 12 Mins 42 Secs","moonriseLocal":"12:08","moonsetLocal":"22:10","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"09:24","end":"10:53","startHours":9.406594525672542,"endHours":10.880128107970325,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:50","end":"15:18","startHours":13.827195272565891,"endHours":15.300728854863674,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"06:28","end":"07:56","startHours":6.459527361076975,"endHours":7.933060943374758,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:13","end":"09:36","startHours":9.21012338136617,"endHours":9.603065669978912,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:57","end":"07:16","startHours":6.950705221842902,"endHours":7.265059052733096,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:58","end":"12:45","startHours":11.960719401655366,"endHours":12.74660397888085,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:53","end":"05:40","startHours":4.887758206626007,"endHours":5.6736427838514905,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:29","end":"06:28","startHours":5.477171639545119,"endHours":6.459527361076975,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:19","end":"15:06","startHours":14.318373133331818,"endHours":15.104257710557302,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:03","end":"18:27","startHours":18.04779601945924,"endHours":18.44779601945924,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:15","end":"18:44","startHours":18.24779601945924,"endHours":18.738973880225167,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:00","end":"19:45","startHours":17.99779601945924,"endHours":19.74779601945924,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:58","end":"00:45","startHours":23.960719401655368,"endHours":24.74660397888085,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"06:28","end":"07:56","startHours":6.459527361076975,"endHours":7.933060943374758,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"07:56","end":"09:24","startHours":7.933060943374758,"endHours":9.406594525672542,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:24","end":"10:53","startHours":9.406594525672542,"endHours":10.880128107970325,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:53","end":"12:21","startHours":10.880128107970325,"endHours":12.353661690268108,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:21","end":"13:50","startHours":12.353661690268108,"endHours":13.827195272565891,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:50","end":"15:18","startHours":13.827195272565891,"endHours":15.300728854863674,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:18","end":"16:46","startHours":15.300728854863674,"endHours":16.774262437161457,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"16:46","end":"18:15","startHours":16.774262437161457,"endHours":18.24779601945924,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"18:15","end":"19:46","startHours":18.24779601945924,"endHours":19.774262437161457,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:46","end":"21:18","startHours":19.774262437161457,"endHours":21.300728854863674,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:18","end":"22:50","startHours":21.300728854863674,"endHours":22.82719527256589,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:50","end":"00:21","startHours":22.82719527256589,"endHours":24.35366169026811,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:21","end":"01:53","startHours":24.35366169026811,"endHours":25.880128107970325,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:53","end":"03:24","startHours":25.880128107970325,"endHours":27.406594525672542,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:24","end":"04:56","startHours":27.406594525672542,"endHours":28.93306094337476,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"04:56","end":"06:28","startHours":28.93306094337476,"endHours":30.459527361076976,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:28","end":"07:28","startHours":6.459527361076975,"endHours":7.459527361076975,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:28","end":"08:28","startHours":7.459527361076975,"endHours":8.459527361076976,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:28","end":"09:28","startHours":8.459527361076976,"endHours":9.459527361076976,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:28","end":"10:28","startHours":9.459527361076976,"endHours":10.459527361076976,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:28","end":"11:28","startHours":10.459527361076976,"endHours":11.459527361076976,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:28","end":"12:28","startHours":11.459527361076976,"endHours":12.459527361076976,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:28","end":"13:28","startHours":12.459527361076976,"endHours":13.459527361076976,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:28","end":"14:28","startHours":13.459527361076976,"endHours":14.459527361076976,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:28","end":"15:28","startHours":14.459527361076976,"endHours":15.459527361076976,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:28","end":"16:28","startHours":15.459527361076976,"endHours":16.459527361076976,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:28","end":"17:28","startHours":16.459527361076976,"endHours":17.459527361076976,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:28","end":"18:28","startHours":17.459527361076976,"endHours":18.459527361076976,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:28","end":"19:28","startHours":18.459527361076976,"endHours":19.459527361076976,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:28","end":"20:28","startHours":19.459527361076976,"endHours":20.459527361076976,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:28","end":"21:28","startHours":20.459527361076976,"endHours":21.459527361076976,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:28","end":"22:28","startHours":21.459527361076976,"endHours":22.459527361076976,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:28","end":"23:28","startHours":22.459527361076976,"endHours":23.459527361076976,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:28","end":"00:28","startHours":23.459527361076976,"endHours":24.459527361076976,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:28","end":"01:28","startHours":24.459527361076976,"endHours":25.459527361076976,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:28","end":"02:28","startHours":25.459527361076976,"endHours":26.459527361076976,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:28","end":"03:28","startHours":26.459527361076976,"endHours":27.459527361076976,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:28","end":"04:28","startHours":27.459527361076976,"endHours":28.459527361076976,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:28","end":"05:28","startHours":28.459527361076976,"endHours":29.459527361076976,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:28","end":"06:28","startHours":29.459527361076976,"endHours":30.459527361076976,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Ānanda","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":4.116905066306868,"eotMinutes":-4.661701416086492,"ayanamsa":23.8704}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2058,"vikram_samvatsara":"Jaya","saka_samvat":1923,"saka_samvatsara":"Vṛṣa","bengali_samvat":1408,"malayalam_era":1177,"nanakshahi_year":532,"lunar_month":"Caitra","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Caitra Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mīna (Paṅkuṇi)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Caitra Śukla Saptamī · Vikram 2058 Jaya · Śaka 1923 Vṛṣa"},"festivals":[{"id":"mina-sankranti","name":"Mīna Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"मीन सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Pisces; Mīna-māsa begins.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Mīna"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga March 31, 2001 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"March 31, 2001 CE for Perth, Australia: Śukla Saptamī, sūryodaya 06:28, sūryāsta 18:15.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2001-03-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2001-03-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2001-03-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2001-03-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2001-03-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-17T11:50:06.520Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-17T11:50:06.520Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-17T11:50:06.520Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}