{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:2001-01-24:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2001-01-24","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2001-01-24","date_display":"January 24, 2001 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2001,"month":1,"day":24,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451933.770833,"kali_year":5102,"ahargana":1863468.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":280.2084,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":275.3918,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":355.1833,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.1833},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":275.3918,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.7251},"yoga":{"number":15,"name":"Vajra","sum_longitude":195.6002},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":59,"name":"Nāga"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2001,"month":1,"day":24,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451933.770833,"ahargana":1863468.2708,"kali_year":5102,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8679,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":280.250056,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":274.71745599999997,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-0.8507},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":204.25555599999996,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":297.721856,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":37.28975600000001,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":327.16095599999994,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":30.10215599999998,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":84.4834,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":264.4834,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2001,"month":1,"day":24,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451933.770833,"kali_year":5102,"ahargana":1863468.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":280.2084,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":275.3918,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":355.1833,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.1833},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":275.3918,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.7251},"yoga":{"number":15,"name":"Vajra","sum_longitude":195.6002},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":59,"name":"Nāga"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.851,"elongation":4.817},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.851,"opposition_distance":175.183}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-14,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":0.182,"opposition_distance":1.705}]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"05:34","sunsetLocal":"19:23","solarNoonLocal":"12:29","dayLengthHours":13.817197468607832,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 49 Mins 02 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 10 Mins 58 Secs","moonriseLocal":"05:10","moonsetLocal":"19:03","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"12:29","end":"14:12","startHours":12.477013413108743,"endHours":14.204163096684722,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"07:18","end":"09:01","startHours":7.295564362380805,"endHours":9.022714045956784,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"10:45","end":"12:29","startHours":10.749863729532763,"endHours":12.477013413108743,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:48","end":"09:15","startHours":8.792427421479987,"endHours":9.253000670433583,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:09","end":"06:31","startHours":6.1441312399968195,"endHours":6.512589839159695,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:01","end":"12:56","startHours":12.01644016415515,"endHours":12.937586662062337,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:44","end":"04:39","startHours":3.7261216829904487,"endHours":4.647268180897638,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:25","end":"05:34","startHours":4.41698155642084,"endHours":5.568414678804826,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:47","end":"15:42","startHours":14.779879657876714,"endHours":15.701026155783904,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:11","end":"19:35","startHours":19.18561214741266,"endHours":19.585612147412657,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:23","end":"19:58","startHours":19.385612147412658,"endHours":19.96132870860465,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"19:08","end":"20:53","startHours":19.135612147412658,"endHours":20.885612147412658,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:01","end":"00:56","startHours":24.01644016415515,"endHours":24.937586662062337,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"05:34","end":"07:18","startHours":5.568414678804826,"endHours":7.295564362380805,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"07:18","end":"09:01","startHours":7.295564362380805,"endHours":9.022714045956784,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"09:01","end":"10:45","startHours":9.022714045956784,"endHours":10.749863729532763,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"10:45","end":"12:29","startHours":10.749863729532763,"endHours":12.477013413108743,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"12:29","end":"14:12","startHours":12.477013413108743,"endHours":14.204163096684722,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"14:12","end":"15:56","startHours":14.204163096684722,"endHours":15.9313127802607,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"15:56","end":"17:40","startHours":15.9313127802607,"endHours":17.658462463836678,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"17:40","end":"19:23","startHours":17.658462463836678,"endHours":19.385612147412658,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"19:23","end":"20:40","startHours":19.385612147412658,"endHours":20.658462463836678,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"20:40","end":"21:56","startHours":20.658462463836678,"endHours":21.9313127802607,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"21:56","end":"23:12","startHours":21.9313127802607,"endHours":23.20416309668472,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"23:12","end":"00:29","startHours":23.20416309668472,"endHours":24.477013413108743,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"00:29","end":"01:45","startHours":24.477013413108743,"endHours":25.749863729532763,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"01:45","end":"03:01","startHours":25.749863729532763,"endHours":27.022714045956782,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:01","end":"04:18","startHours":27.022714045956782,"endHours":28.295564362380805,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"04:18","end":"05:34","startHours":28.295564362380805,"endHours":29.568414678804828,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:34","end":"06:34","startHours":5.568414678804826,"endHours":6.568414678804826,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:34","end":"07:34","startHours":6.568414678804826,"endHours":7.568414678804826,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:34","end":"08:34","startHours":7.568414678804826,"endHours":8.568414678804826,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:34","end":"09:34","startHours":8.568414678804826,"endHours":9.568414678804826,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:34","end":"10:34","startHours":9.568414678804826,"endHours":10.568414678804826,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:34","end":"11:34","startHours":10.568414678804826,"endHours":11.568414678804826,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:34","end":"12:34","startHours":11.568414678804826,"endHours":12.568414678804826,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:34","end":"13:34","startHours":12.568414678804826,"endHours":13.568414678804826,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:34","end":"14:34","startHours":13.568414678804826,"endHours":14.568414678804826,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:34","end":"15:34","startHours":14.568414678804826,"endHours":15.568414678804826,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:34","end":"16:34","startHours":15.568414678804826,"endHours":16.568414678804828,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:34","end":"17:34","startHours":16.568414678804828,"endHours":17.568414678804828,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:34","end":"18:34","startHours":17.568414678804828,"endHours":18.568414678804828,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:34","end":"19:34","startHours":18.568414678804828,"endHours":19.568414678804828,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:34","end":"20:34","startHours":19.568414678804828,"endHours":20.568414678804828,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:34","end":"21:34","startHours":20.568414678804828,"endHours":21.568414678804828,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:34","end":"22:34","startHours":21.568414678804828,"endHours":22.568414678804828,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:34","end":"23:34","startHours":22.568414678804828,"endHours":23.568414678804828,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:34","end":"00:34","startHours":23.568414678804828,"endHours":24.568414678804828,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:34","end":"01:34","startHours":24.568414678804828,"endHours":25.568414678804828,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:34","end":"02:34","startHours":25.568414678804828,"endHours":26.568414678804828,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:34","end":"03:34","startHours":26.568414678804828,"endHours":27.568414678804828,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:34","end":"04:34","startHours":27.568414678804828,"endHours":28.568414678804828,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:34","end":"05:34","startHours":28.568414678804828,"endHours":29.568414678804828,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Saumya","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-19.224872573449602,"eotMinutes":-12.062804786524666,"ayanamsa":23.8679}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2058,"vikram_samvatsara":"Jaya","saka_samvat":1923,"saka_samvatsara":"Vṛṣa","bengali_samvat":1408,"malayalam_era":1177,"nanakshahi_year":532,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā · Vikram 2058 Jaya · Śaka 1923 Vṛṣa"},"festivals":[{"id":"makara-sankranti","name":"Makara Saṅkrānti (Uttarāyaṇa)","name_sanskrit":"मकर सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Capricorn; Uttarāyaṇa (north-going) begins. Bhīṣma's chosen mahaprasthāna time.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":1,"sources":["Mahābhārata Bhīṣma-Stuti","Sūrya-Siddhānta"]},{"id":"pongal","name":"Pongal / Thai Pongal","name_sanskrit":"पोङ्गल","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Tamil 4-day harvest festival; coincides with Makara Saṅkrānti.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-10-20","event":"Karṇa-Vadha (Mahābhārata Day 17)","chart_id":"karna","shared_marker":"same Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","url":"/day/-3137-10-20","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 24, 2001 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 24, 2001 CE for Perth, Australia: Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā, sūryodaya 05:34, sūryāsta 19:23.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2001-01-24","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2001-01-24","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2001-01-24","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2001-01-24","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2001-01-24"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T19:37:53.102Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T19:37:53.102Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-16T19:37:53.102Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}