{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:2000-12-16:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2000-12-16","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2000-12-16","date_display":"December 16, 2000 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2000,"month":12,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451894.770833,"kali_year":5102,"ahargana":1863429.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":240.1489,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":121.1501,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":21,"name":"Ṣaṣṭhī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī","elongation_degrees":241.0012,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.0012},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":121.1501,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.1501},"yoga":{"number":1,"name":"Viṣkambha","sum_longitude":1.2991},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":40,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2000,"month":12,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451894.770833,"ahargana":1863429.2708,"kali_year":5102,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8664,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":240.52554699999996,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":124.71954699999998,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":2.5535},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":181.60214700000006,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":235.03384700000004,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":39.909447,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":285.05224699999997,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":31.50424700000002,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":86.5498,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":266.5498,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2000,"month":12,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451894.770833,"kali_year":5102,"ahargana":1863429.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":240.1489,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":121.1501,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":21,"name":"Ṣaṣṭhī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī","elongation_degrees":241.0012,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.0012},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":121.1501,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.1501},"yoga":{"number":1,"name":"Viṣkambha","sum_longitude":1.2991},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":40,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.554,"elongation":118.999},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.554,"opposition_distance":61.001}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"05:06","sunsetLocal":"19:20","solarNoonLocal":"12:13","dayLengthHours":14.227618797958641,"dayLengthDisplay":"14 Hours 13 Mins 39 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"9 Hours 46 Mins 21 Secs","moonriseLocal":"22:57","moonsetLocal":"10:02","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"08:39","end":"10:26","startHours":8.657113353390798,"endHours":10.43556570313563,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"14:00","end":"15:46","startHours":13.99247040262529,"endHours":15.770922752370119,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"05:06","end":"06:53","startHours":5.100208653901139,"endHours":6.878661003645969,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:25","end":"08:54","startHours":8.419986373424821,"endHours":8.894240333356777,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:42","end":"06:04","startHours":5.6930261038160825,"endHours":6.072429271761647,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:44","end":"12:41","startHours":11.739764092948503,"endHours":12.688272012812414,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:12","end":"04:09","startHours":3.2031928141733204,"endHours":4.151700734037229,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"03:55","end":"05:06","startHours":3.9145737540712524,"endHours":5.100208653901139,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:35","end":"15:32","startHours":14.585287852540233,"endHours":15.533795772404142,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:08","end":"19:32","startHours":19.12782745185978,"endHours":19.52782745185978,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:20","end":"19:55","startHours":19.32782745185978,"endHours":19.920644901774722,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"19:05","end":"20:50","startHours":19.07782745185978,"endHours":20.82782745185978,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:44","end":"00:41","startHours":23.739764092948505,"endHours":24.688272012812412,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"05:06","end":"06:53","startHours":5.100208653901139,"endHours":6.878661003645969,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"06:53","end":"08:39","startHours":6.878661003645969,"endHours":8.657113353390798,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"08:39","end":"10:26","startHours":8.657113353390798,"endHours":10.43556570313563,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:26","end":"12:13","startHours":10.43556570313563,"endHours":12.214018052880458,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:13","end":"14:00","startHours":12.214018052880458,"endHours":13.99247040262529,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"14:00","end":"15:46","startHours":13.99247040262529,"endHours":15.770922752370119,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:46","end":"17:33","startHours":15.770922752370119,"endHours":17.54937510211495,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"17:33","end":"19:20","startHours":17.54937510211495,"endHours":19.32782745185978,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"19:20","end":"20:33","startHours":19.32782745185978,"endHours":20.54937510211495,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"20:33","end":"21:46","startHours":20.54937510211495,"endHours":21.77092275237012,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:46","end":"23:00","startHours":21.77092275237012,"endHours":22.992470402625287,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"23:00","end":"00:13","startHours":22.992470402625287,"endHours":24.21401805288046,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:13","end":"01:26","startHours":24.21401805288046,"endHours":25.43556570313563,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:26","end":"02:39","startHours":25.43556570313563,"endHours":26.6571133533908,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"02:39","end":"03:53","startHours":26.6571133533908,"endHours":27.878661003645966,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"03:53","end":"05:06","startHours":27.878661003645966,"endHours":29.100208653901138,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:06","end":"06:06","startHours":5.100208653901139,"endHours":6.100208653901139,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:06","end":"07:06","startHours":6.100208653901139,"endHours":7.100208653901139,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:06","end":"08:06","startHours":7.100208653901139,"endHours":8.100208653901138,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:06","end":"09:06","startHours":8.100208653901138,"endHours":9.100208653901138,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:06","end":"10:06","startHours":9.100208653901138,"endHours":10.100208653901138,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:06","end":"11:06","startHours":10.100208653901138,"endHours":11.100208653901138,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:06","end":"12:06","startHours":11.100208653901138,"endHours":12.100208653901138,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:06","end":"13:06","startHours":12.100208653901138,"endHours":13.100208653901138,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:06","end":"14:06","startHours":13.100208653901138,"endHours":14.100208653901138,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:06","end":"15:06","startHours":14.100208653901138,"endHours":15.100208653901138,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:06","end":"16:06","startHours":15.100208653901138,"endHours":16.100208653901138,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:06","end":"17:06","startHours":16.100208653901138,"endHours":17.100208653901138,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:06","end":"18:06","startHours":17.100208653901138,"endHours":18.100208653901138,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:06","end":"19:06","startHours":18.100208653901138,"endHours":19.100208653901138,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:06","end":"20:06","startHours":19.100208653901138,"endHours":20.100208653901138,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:06","end":"21:06","startHours":20.100208653901138,"endHours":21.100208653901138,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:06","end":"22:06","startHours":21.100208653901138,"endHours":22.100208653901138,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:06","end":"23:06","startHours":22.100208653901138,"endHours":23.100208653901138,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:06","end":"00:06","startHours":23.100208653901138,"endHours":24.100208653901138,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:06","end":"01:06","startHours":24.100208653901138,"endHours":25.100208653901138,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:06","end":"02:06","startHours":25.100208653901138,"endHours":26.100208653901138,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:06","end":"03:06","startHours":26.100208653901138,"endHours":27.100208653901138,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:06","end":"04:06","startHours":27.100208653901138,"endHours":28.100208653901138,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:06","end":"05:06","startHours":28.100208653901138,"endHours":29.100208653901138,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"West","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhvānkṣa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-23.317673239656074,"eotMinutes":3.716916827172506,"ayanamsa":23.8664}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2057,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vijaya","saka_samvat":1922,"saka_samvatsara":"Vikrama","bengali_samvat":1407,"malayalam_era":1176,"nanakshahi_year":531,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī · Vikram 2057 Vijaya · Śaka 1922 Vikrama"},"festivals":[{"id":"lohri","name":"Lohri","name_sanskrit":"लोहड़ी","tradition":"Regional","significance":"Punjab harvest festival; eve of Makara Saṅkrānti. (Approximated as 13/14 January annually; correct via Sun in Dhanu/Makara cusp.)","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":4},{"id":"dhanu-sankranti","name":"Dhanu Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"धनु सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Sagittarius; Dhanu-māsa (Khara-māsa).","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 16, 2000 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 16, 2000 CE for Perth, Australia: Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī, sūryodaya 05:06, sūryāsta 19:20.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2000-12-16","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2000-12-16","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2000-12-16","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2000-12-16","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/2000-12-16"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T23:23:44.336Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T23:23:44.336Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-16T23:23:44.336Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}