{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:1998-12-23:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1998-12-23","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1998-12-23","date_display":"December 23, 1998 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1998,"month":12,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451170.770833,"kali_year":5100,"ahargana":1862705.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":246.8417,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":296.1578,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":5,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":49.3162,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.3162},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":296.1578,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.8245},"yoga":{"number":14,"name":"Harṣaṇa","sum_longitude":182.9995},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":8,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1998,"month":12,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451170.770833,"ahargana":1862705.2708,"kali_year":5100,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8387,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":247.15610900000001,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":294.804309,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":0.6841},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":170.01200900000003,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":225.69860900000003,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":326.874409,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":260.348209,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":2.906708999999978,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":124.9108,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":304.9108,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1998,"month":12,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451170.770833,"kali_year":5100,"ahargana":1862705.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":246.8417,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":296.1578,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":5,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":49.3162,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.3162},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":296.1578,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.8245},"yoga":{"number":14,"name":"Harṣaṇa","sum_longitude":182.9995},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":8,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.684,"elongation":49.316},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.684,"opposition_distance":130.684}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"05:09","sunsetLocal":"19:23","solarNoonLocal":"12:16","dayLengthHours":14.239609115519976,"dayLengthDisplay":"14 Hours 14 Mins 23 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"9 Hours 45 Mins 37 Secs","moonriseLocal":"08:45","moonsetLocal":"22:09","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"12:16","end":"14:03","startHours":12.268575138471547,"endHours":14.048526277911545,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"06:56","end":"08:43","startHours":6.9287217201515565,"endHours":8.708672859591553,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"10:29","end":"12:16","startHours":10.48862399903155,"endHours":12.268575138471547,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:28","end":"08:57","startHours":8.471346040999553,"endHours":8.945999678183552,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:45","end":"06:07","startHours":5.742087627191559,"endHours":6.121810536938758,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:48","end":"12:45","startHours":11.793921501287548,"endHours":12.743228775655547,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:15","end":"04:12","startHours":3.250156031975563,"endHours":4.199463306343561,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"03:58","end":"05:09","startHours":3.962136487751562,"endHours":5.14877058071156,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:39","end":"15:35","startHours":14.641843324391543,"endHours":15.59115059875954,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:11","end":"19:35","startHours":19.188379696231536,"endHours":19.588379696231534,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:23","end":"19:59","startHours":19.388379696231535,"endHours":19.981696742711534,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"19:08","end":"20:53","startHours":19.138379696231535,"endHours":20.888379696231535,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:48","end":"00:45","startHours":23.79392150128755,"endHours":24.743228775655545,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"05:09","end":"06:56","startHours":5.14877058071156,"endHours":6.9287217201515565,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"06:56","end":"08:43","startHours":6.9287217201515565,"endHours":8.708672859591553,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"08:43","end":"10:29","startHours":8.708672859591553,"endHours":10.48862399903155,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"10:29","end":"12:16","startHours":10.48862399903155,"endHours":12.268575138471547,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"12:16","end":"14:03","startHours":12.268575138471547,"endHours":14.048526277911545,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"14:03","end":"15:50","startHours":14.048526277911545,"endHours":15.828477417351541,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"15:50","end":"17:37","startHours":15.828477417351541,"endHours":17.608428556791537,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"17:37","end":"19:23","startHours":17.608428556791537,"endHours":19.388379696231535,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"19:23","end":"20:37","startHours":19.388379696231535,"endHours":20.608428556791537,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"20:37","end":"21:50","startHours":20.608428556791537,"endHours":21.828477417351543,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"21:50","end":"23:03","startHours":21.828477417351543,"endHours":23.048526277911545,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"23:03","end":"00:16","startHours":23.048526277911545,"endHours":24.268575138471547,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"00:16","end":"01:29","startHours":24.268575138471547,"endHours":25.48862399903155,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"01:29","end":"02:43","startHours":25.48862399903155,"endHours":26.70867285959155,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"02:43","end":"03:56","startHours":26.70867285959155,"endHours":27.928721720151557,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"03:56","end":"05:09","startHours":27.928721720151557,"endHours":29.14877058071156,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:09","end":"06:09","startHours":5.14877058071156,"endHours":6.14877058071156,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:09","end":"07:09","startHours":6.14877058071156,"endHours":7.14877058071156,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:09","end":"08:09","startHours":7.14877058071156,"endHours":8.14877058071156,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:09","end":"09:09","startHours":8.14877058071156,"endHours":9.14877058071156,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:09","end":"10:09","startHours":9.14877058071156,"endHours":10.14877058071156,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:09","end":"11:09","startHours":10.14877058071156,"endHours":11.14877058071156,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:09","end":"12:09","startHours":11.14877058071156,"endHours":12.14877058071156,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:09","end":"13:09","startHours":12.14877058071156,"endHours":13.14877058071156,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:09","end":"14:09","startHours":13.14877058071156,"endHours":14.14877058071156,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:09","end":"15:09","startHours":14.14877058071156,"endHours":15.14877058071156,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:09","end":"16:09","startHours":15.14877058071156,"endHours":16.14877058071156,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:09","end":"17:09","startHours":16.14877058071156,"endHours":17.14877058071156,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:09","end":"18:09","startHours":17.14877058071156,"endHours":18.14877058071156,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:09","end":"19:09","startHours":18.14877058071156,"endHours":19.14877058071156,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:09","end":"20:09","startHours":19.14877058071156,"endHours":20.14877058071156,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:09","end":"21:09","startHours":20.14877058071156,"endHours":21.14877058071156,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:09","end":"22:09","startHours":21.14877058071156,"endHours":22.14877058071156,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:09","end":"23:09","startHours":22.14877058071156,"endHours":23.14877058071156,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:09","end":"00:09","startHours":23.14877058071156,"endHours":24.14877058071156,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:09","end":"01:09","startHours":24.14877058071156,"endHours":25.14877058071156,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:09","end":"02:09","startHours":25.14877058071156,"endHours":26.14877058071156,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:09","end":"03:09","startHours":26.14877058071156,"endHours":27.14877058071156,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:09","end":"04:09","startHours":27.14877058071156,"endHours":28.14877058071156,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:09","end":"05:09","startHours":28.14877058071156,"endHours":29.14877058071156,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhvaja","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-23.43275636062344,"eotMinutes":0.4434916917071845,"ayanamsa":23.8387}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2055,"vikram_samvatsara":"Khara","saka_samvat":1920,"saka_samvatsara":"Bahudhānya","bengali_samvat":1405,"malayalam_era":1174,"nanakshahi_year":529,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_amanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Śukla Pañcamī · Vikram 2055 Khara · Śaka 1920 Bahudhānya"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 23, 1998 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 23, 1998 CE for Perth, Australia: Śukla Pañcamī, sūryodaya 05:09, sūryāsta 19:23.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1998-12-23","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1998-12-23","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1998-12-23","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1998-12-23","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1998-12-23"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T18:59:15.897Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T18:59:15.897Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-31T18:59:15.897Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}