{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:1998-12-20:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1998-12-20","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1998-12-20","date_display":"December 20, 1998 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1998,"month":12,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451167.770833,"kali_year":5100,"ahargana":1862702.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":243.76,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":256.6343,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":2,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":12.8743,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.8743},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":256.6343,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.301},"yoga":{"number":11,"name":"Vṛddhi","sum_longitude":140.3944},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":2,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1998,"month":12,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451167.770833,"ahargana":1862702.2708,"kali_year":5100,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8386,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":244.10102299999994,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":256.65762300000006,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.3654},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":168.45302300000003,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":222.44192299999997,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":326.51452300000005,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":256.582223,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":2.9506230000000073,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":125.0697,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":305.0697,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1998,"month":12,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451167.770833,"kali_year":5100,"ahargana":1862702.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":243.76,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":256.6343,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":2,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":12.8743,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.8743},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":256.6343,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.301},"yoga":{"number":11,"name":"Vṛddhi","sum_longitude":140.3944},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":2,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.365,"elongation":12.874},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.365,"opposition_distance":167.126}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"05:08","sunsetLocal":"19:22","solarNoonLocal":"12:15","dayLengthHours":14.23832496014697,"dayLengthDisplay":"14 Hours 14 Mins 18 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"9 Hours 45 Mins 42 Secs","moonriseLocal":"06:00","moonsetLocal":"20:10","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"17:35","end":"19:22","startHours":17.584473234680633,"endHours":19.364263854699004,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:15","end":"14:01","startHours":12.24510137462552,"endHours":14.024891994643891,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:48","end":"17:35","startHours":15.804682614662262,"endHours":17.584473234680633,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:27","end":"08:55","startHours":8.448214718586327,"endHours":8.922825550591226,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:43","end":"06:06","startHours":5.719202434558158,"endHours":6.098891100162077,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:46","end":"12:43","startHours":11.770490542620621,"endHours":12.719712206630419,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:14","end":"04:11","startHours":3.227495566532438,"endHours":4.176717230542236,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"03:56","end":"05:08","startHours":3.9394118145397865,"endHours":5.125938894552034,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:37","end":"15:34","startHours":14.618155534650015,"endHours":15.567377198659813,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:10","end":"19:34","startHours":19.164263854699005,"endHours":19.564263854699004,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:22","end":"19:57","startHours":19.364263854699004,"endHours":19.957527394705128,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"19:07","end":"20:52","startHours":19.114263854699004,"endHours":20.864263854699004,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:46","end":"00:43","startHours":23.77049054262062,"endHours":24.71971220663042,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"05:08","end":"06:54","startHours":5.125938894552034,"endHours":6.905729514570405,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"06:54","end":"08:41","startHours":6.905729514570405,"endHours":8.685520134588776,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"08:41","end":"10:28","startHours":8.685520134588776,"endHours":10.465310754607149,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:28","end":"12:15","startHours":10.465310754607149,"endHours":12.24510137462552,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:15","end":"14:01","startHours":12.24510137462552,"endHours":14.024891994643891,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:01","end":"15:48","startHours":14.024891994643891,"endHours":15.804682614662262,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:48","end":"17:35","startHours":15.804682614662262,"endHours":17.584473234680633,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:35","end":"19:22","startHours":17.584473234680633,"endHours":19.364263854699004,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"19:22","end":"20:35","startHours":19.364263854699004,"endHours":20.584473234680633,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:35","end":"21:48","startHours":20.584473234680633,"endHours":21.804682614662262,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:48","end":"23:01","startHours":21.804682614662262,"endHours":23.02489199464389,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:01","end":"00:15","startHours":23.02489199464389,"endHours":24.24510137462552,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:15","end":"01:28","startHours":24.24510137462552,"endHours":25.46531075460715,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:28","end":"02:41","startHours":25.46531075460715,"endHours":26.685520134588778,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"02:41","end":"03:54","startHours":26.685520134588778,"endHours":27.905729514570403,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"03:54","end":"05:08","startHours":27.905729514570403,"endHours":29.125938894552036,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:08","end":"06:08","startHours":5.125938894552034,"endHours":6.125938894552034,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:08","end":"07:08","startHours":6.125938894552034,"endHours":7.125938894552034,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:08","end":"08:08","startHours":7.125938894552034,"endHours":8.125938894552034,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:08","end":"09:08","startHours":8.125938894552034,"endHours":9.125938894552034,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:08","end":"10:08","startHours":9.125938894552034,"endHours":10.125938894552034,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:08","end":"11:08","startHours":10.125938894552034,"endHours":11.125938894552034,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:08","end":"12:08","startHours":11.125938894552034,"endHours":12.125938894552034,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:08","end":"13:08","startHours":12.125938894552034,"endHours":13.125938894552034,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:08","end":"14:08","startHours":13.125938894552034,"endHours":14.125938894552034,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:08","end":"15:08","startHours":14.125938894552034,"endHours":15.125938894552034,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:08","end":"16:08","startHours":15.125938894552034,"endHours":16.125938894552036,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:08","end":"17:08","startHours":16.125938894552036,"endHours":17.125938894552036,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:08","end":"18:08","startHours":17.125938894552036,"endHours":18.125938894552036,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:08","end":"19:08","startHours":18.125938894552036,"endHours":19.125938894552036,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:08","end":"20:08","startHours":19.125938894552036,"endHours":20.125938894552036,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:08","end":"21:08","startHours":20.125938894552036,"endHours":21.125938894552036,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:08","end":"22:08","startHours":21.125938894552036,"endHours":22.125938894552036,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:08","end":"23:08","startHours":22.125938894552036,"endHours":23.125938894552036,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:08","end":"00:08","startHours":23.125938894552036,"endHours":24.125938894552036,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:08","end":"01:08","startHours":24.125938894552036,"endHours":25.125938894552036,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:08","end":"02:08","startHours":25.125938894552036,"endHours":26.125938894552036,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:08","end":"03:08","startHours":26.125938894552036,"endHours":27.125938894552036,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:08","end":"04:08","startHours":27.125938894552036,"endHours":28.125938894552036,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:08","end":"05:08","startHours":28.125938894552036,"endHours":29.125938894552036,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Śubha","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-23.420443463604986,"eotMinutes":1.851917522468745,"ayanamsa":23.8386}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2055,"vikram_samvatsara":"Khara","saka_samvat":1920,"saka_samvatsara":"Bahudhānya","bengali_samvat":1405,"malayalam_era":1174,"nanakshahi_year":529,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_amanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Śukla Dvitīyā · Vikram 2055 Khara · Śaka 1920 Bahudhānya"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 20, 1998 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 20, 1998 CE for Perth, Australia: Śukla Dvitīyā, sūryodaya 05:08, sūryāsta 19:22.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1998-12-20","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1998-12-20","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1998-12-20","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1998-12-20","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1998-12-20"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T21:39:37.425Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T21:39:37.425Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-31T21:39:37.425Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}