{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:1998-10-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1998-10-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1998-10-31","date_display":"October 31, 1998 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1998,"month":10,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451117.770833,"kali_year":5100,"ahargana":1862652.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":192.8906,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":317.8839,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":11,"name":"Ekādaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Ekādaśī","elongation_degrees":124.9934,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.9934},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":317.8839,"elapsed_within_degrees":11.2173},"yoga":{"number":12,"name":"Dhruva","sum_longitude":150.7745},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":20,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1998,"month":10,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451117.770833,"ahargana":1862652.2708,"kali_year":5100,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8367,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":193.576634,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":315.4278340000001,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-0.7934},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":140.34853399999997,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":214.05953399999999,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":324.631934,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":193.82603399999994,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":5.669633999999974,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":127.719,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":307.719,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1998,"month":10,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451117.770833,"kali_year":5100,"ahargana":1862652.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":192.8906,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":317.8839,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":11,"name":"Ekādaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Ekādaśī","elongation_degrees":124.9934,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.9934},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":317.8839,"elapsed_within_degrees":11.2173},"yoga":{"number":12,"name":"Dhruva","sum_longitude":150.7745},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":20,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.793,"elongation":124.993},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.793,"opposition_distance":55.007}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"05:20","sunsetLocal":"18:40","solarNoonLocal":"12:00","dayLengthHours":13.32805098213419,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 19 Mins 41 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 40 Mins 19 Secs","moonriseLocal":"13:44","moonsetLocal":"02:31","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"08:40","end":"10:20","startHours":8.669740928624316,"endHours":10.335747301391091,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:40","end":"15:20","startHours":13.667760046924638,"endHours":15.333766419691411,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"05:20","end":"07:00","startHours":5.337728183090769,"endHours":7.003734555857543,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:27","end":"08:54","startHours":8.447606745588747,"endHours":8.891875111659886,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:54","end":"06:15","startHours":5.893063640679693,"endHours":6.248478333536605,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:33","end":"12:27","startHours":11.557485308086724,"endHours":12.446022040229002,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:34","end":"04:27","startHours":3.5606547188062097,"endHours":4.449191450948489,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:14","end":"05:20","startHours":4.22705726791292,"endHours":5.337728183090769,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:13","end":"15:07","startHours":14.223095504513562,"endHours":15.111632236655842,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:28","end":"18:52","startHours":18.46577916522496,"endHours":18.865779165224957,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:40","end":"19:13","startHours":18.665779165224958,"endHours":19.221114622813882,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:25","end":"20:10","startHours":18.415779165224958,"endHours":20.165779165224958,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:33","end":"00:27","startHours":23.557485308086722,"endHours":24.446022040229,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"05:20","end":"07:00","startHours":5.337728183090769,"endHours":7.003734555857543,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"07:00","end":"08:40","startHours":7.003734555857543,"endHours":8.669740928624316,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"08:40","end":"10:20","startHours":8.669740928624316,"endHours":10.335747301391091,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:20","end":"12:00","startHours":10.335747301391091,"endHours":12.001753674157865,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:00","end":"13:40","startHours":12.001753674157865,"endHours":13.667760046924638,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:40","end":"15:20","startHours":13.667760046924638,"endHours":15.333766419691411,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:20","end":"17:00","startHours":15.333766419691411,"endHours":16.999772792458185,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"17:00","end":"18:40","startHours":16.999772792458185,"endHours":18.665779165224958,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"18:40","end":"20:00","startHours":18.665779165224958,"endHours":19.999772792458185,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"20:00","end":"21:20","startHours":19.999772792458185,"endHours":21.33376641969141,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:20","end":"22:40","startHours":21.33376641969141,"endHours":22.667760046924634,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:40","end":"00:00","startHours":22.667760046924634,"endHours":24.00175367415786,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:00","end":"01:20","startHours":24.00175367415786,"endHours":25.335747301391088,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:20","end":"02:40","startHours":25.335747301391088,"endHours":26.669740928624314,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"02:40","end":"04:00","startHours":26.669740928624314,"endHours":28.00373455585754,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"04:00","end":"05:20","startHours":28.00373455585754,"endHours":29.337728183090768,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:20","end":"06:20","startHours":5.337728183090769,"endHours":6.337728183090769,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:20","end":"07:20","startHours":6.337728183090769,"endHours":7.337728183090769,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:20","end":"08:20","startHours":7.337728183090769,"endHours":8.337728183090768,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:20","end":"09:20","startHours":8.337728183090768,"endHours":9.337728183090768,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:20","end":"10:20","startHours":9.337728183090768,"endHours":10.337728183090768,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:20","end":"11:20","startHours":10.337728183090768,"endHours":11.337728183090768,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:20","end":"12:20","startHours":11.337728183090768,"endHours":12.337728183090768,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:20","end":"13:20","startHours":12.337728183090768,"endHours":13.337728183090768,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:20","end":"14:20","startHours":13.337728183090768,"endHours":14.337728183090768,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:20","end":"15:20","startHours":14.337728183090768,"endHours":15.337728183090768,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:20","end":"16:20","startHours":15.337728183090768,"endHours":16.337728183090768,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:20","end":"17:20","startHours":16.337728183090768,"endHours":17.337728183090768,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:20","end":"18:20","startHours":17.337728183090768,"endHours":18.337728183090768,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:20","end":"19:20","startHours":18.337728183090768,"endHours":19.337728183090768,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:20","end":"20:20","startHours":19.337728183090768,"endHours":20.337728183090768,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:20","end":"21:20","startHours":20.337728183090768,"endHours":21.337728183090768,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:20","end":"22:20","startHours":21.337728183090768,"endHours":22.337728183090768,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:20","end":"23:20","startHours":22.337728183090768,"endHours":23.337728183090768,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:20","end":"00:20","startHours":23.337728183090768,"endHours":24.337728183090768,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:20","end":"01:20","startHours":24.337728183090768,"endHours":25.337728183090768,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:20","end":"02:20","startHours":25.337728183090768,"endHours":26.337728183090768,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:20","end":"03:20","startHours":26.337728183090768,"endHours":27.337728183090768,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:20","end":"04:20","startHours":27.337728183090768,"endHours":28.337728183090768,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:20","end":"05:20","startHours":28.337728183090768,"endHours":29.337728183090768,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Śubha","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Śarad (Autumn) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Śarad (Autumn)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-13.983745188761247,"eotMinutes":16.45277955052819,"ayanamsa":23.8367}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2055,"vikram_samvatsara":"Khara","saka_samvat":1920,"saka_samvatsara":"Bahudhānya","bengali_samvat":1405,"malayalam_era":1174,"nanakshahi_year":529,"lunar_month":"Kārtika","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Kārtika Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Kārtika","lunar_month_amanta":"Kārtika","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Tulā (Aippasi)","ritu":"Śarad (Autumn)","display_summary":"Kārtika Śukla Ekādaśī · Vikram 2055 Khara · Śaka 1920 Bahudhānya"},"festivals":[{"id":"devotthana-ekadashi","name":"Devotthāna Ekādaśī (Prabodhinī)","name_sanskrit":"देवोत्थान एकादशी","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Bhagavān Viṣṇu","significance":"Bhagavān Viṣṇu awakens; Cāturmāsya ends; weddings can resume.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":11,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Kārtika"},"precedence":3},{"id":"ekadashi","name":"Ekādaśī","name_sanskrit":"एकादशी","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Bhagavān Viṣṇu","significance":"Sacred to Bhagavān Viṣṇu; vrata for purification.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":11},{"tithi_number":26}]},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga October 31, 1998 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"October 31, 1998 CE for Perth, Australia: Śukla Ekādaśī, sūryodaya 05:20, sūryāsta 18:40.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1998-10-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1998-10-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1998-10-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1998-10-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1998-10-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T13:36:37.603Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T13:36:37.603Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-31T13:36:37.603Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}