{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:1997-07-23:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1997-07-23","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1997-07-23","date_display":"July 23, 1997 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":7,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450652.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862187.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":95.9479,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":313.4882,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":19,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturthī","elongation_degrees":217.5403,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.5403},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":313.4882,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.8216},"yoga":{"number":4,"name":"Saubhāgya","sum_longitude":49.4362},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":36,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1997,"month":7,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450652.770833,"ahargana":1862187.2708,"kali_year":5099,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8189,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":96.42360000000002,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":316.5649000000001,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":1.454},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":173.10619999999994,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":120.8562,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":295.40470000000005,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":125.5951,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":356.4267,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":152.3569,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":332.3569,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":7,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450652.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862187.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":95.9479,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":313.4882,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":19,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturthī","elongation_degrees":217.5403,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.5403},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":313.4882,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.8216},"yoga":{"number":4,"name":"Saubhāgya","sum_longitude":49.4362},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":36,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":1.454,"elongation":142.46},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":1.454,"opposition_distance":37.54}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"07:11","sunsetLocal":"17:34","solarNoonLocal":"12:23","dayLengthHours":10.384138979282994,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 23 Mins 03 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 36 Mins 57 Secs","moonriseLocal":"20:41","moonsetLocal":"09:25","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"12:23","end":"13:41","startHours":12.378182302057446,"endHours":13.67619967446782,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"08:29","end":"09:47","startHours":8.484130184826324,"endHours":9.782147557236698,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"11:05","end":"12:23","startHours":11.080164929647072,"endHours":12.378182302057446,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:37","end":"09:57","startHours":9.609078574248647,"endHours":9.955216540224747,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:37","end":"07:54","startHours":7.618785269886073,"endHours":7.895695642666953,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:02","end":"12:43","startHours":12.032044336081347,"endHours":12.724320268033546,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:48","end":"06:30","startHours":5.801560948511549,"endHours":6.493836880463749,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:19","end":"07:11","startHours":6.320767897475699,"endHours":7.186112812415948,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:07","end":"14:48","startHours":14.108872131937943,"endHours":14.801148063890142,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:22","end":"17:46","startHours":17.370251791698944,"endHours":17.770251791698943,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:34","end":"18:00","startHours":17.570251791698944,"endHours":18.00292424916907,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:19","end":"19:04","startHours":17.320251791698944,"endHours":19.070251791698944,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:02","end":"00:43","startHours":24.032044336081345,"endHours":24.724320268033548,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"07:11","end":"08:29","startHours":7.186112812415948,"endHours":8.484130184826324,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"08:29","end":"09:47","startHours":8.484130184826324,"endHours":9.782147557236698,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"09:47","end":"11:05","startHours":9.782147557236698,"endHours":11.080164929647072,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"11:05","end":"12:23","startHours":11.080164929647072,"endHours":12.378182302057446,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"12:23","end":"13:41","startHours":12.378182302057446,"endHours":13.67619967446782,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"13:41","end":"14:58","startHours":13.67619967446782,"endHours":14.974217046878195,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"14:58","end":"16:16","startHours":14.974217046878195,"endHours":16.27223441928857,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"16:16","end":"17:34","startHours":16.27223441928857,"endHours":17.570251791698944,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:34","end":"19:16","startHours":17.570251791698944,"endHours":19.27223441928857,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"19:16","end":"20:58","startHours":19.27223441928857,"endHours":20.974217046878195,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"20:58","end":"22:41","startHours":20.974217046878195,"endHours":22.67619967446782,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"22:41","end":"00:23","startHours":22.67619967446782,"endHours":24.378182302057446,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"00:23","end":"02:05","startHours":24.378182302057446,"endHours":26.080164929647072,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"02:05","end":"03:47","startHours":26.080164929647072,"endHours":27.782147557236698,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:47","end":"05:29","startHours":27.782147557236698,"endHours":29.484130184826324,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"05:29","end":"07:11","startHours":29.484130184826324,"endHours":31.18611281241595,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:11","end":"08:11","startHours":7.186112812415948,"endHours":8.18611281241595,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:11","end":"09:11","startHours":8.18611281241595,"endHours":9.18611281241595,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:11","end":"10:11","startHours":9.18611281241595,"endHours":10.18611281241595,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:11","end":"11:11","startHours":10.18611281241595,"endHours":11.18611281241595,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:11","end":"12:11","startHours":11.18611281241595,"endHours":12.18611281241595,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:11","end":"13:11","startHours":12.18611281241595,"endHours":13.18611281241595,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:11","end":"14:11","startHours":13.18611281241595,"endHours":14.18611281241595,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:11","end":"15:11","startHours":14.18611281241595,"endHours":15.18611281241595,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:11","end":"16:11","startHours":15.18611281241595,"endHours":16.18611281241595,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:11","end":"17:11","startHours":16.18611281241595,"endHours":17.18611281241595,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:11","end":"18:11","startHours":17.18611281241595,"endHours":18.18611281241595,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:11","end":"19:11","startHours":18.18611281241595,"endHours":19.18611281241595,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:11","end":"20:11","startHours":19.18611281241595,"endHours":20.18611281241595,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:11","end":"21:11","startHours":20.18611281241595,"endHours":21.18611281241595,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:11","end":"22:11","startHours":21.18611281241595,"endHours":22.18611281241595,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:11","end":"23:11","startHours":22.18611281241595,"endHours":23.18611281241595,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:11","end":"00:11","startHours":23.18611281241595,"endHours":24.18611281241595,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:11","end":"01:11","startHours":24.18611281241595,"endHours":25.18611281241595,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:11","end":"02:11","startHours":25.18611281241595,"endHours":26.18611281241595,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:11","end":"03:11","startHours":26.18611281241595,"endHours":27.18611281241595,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:11","end":"04:11","startHours":27.18611281241595,"endHours":28.18611281241595,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:11","end":"05:11","startHours":28.18611281241595,"endHours":29.18611281241595,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:11","end":"06:11","startHours":29.18611281241595,"endHours":30.18611281241595,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:11","end":"07:11","startHours":30.18611281241595,"endHours":31.18611281241595,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Śrīvatsa","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":20.096458431000553,"eotMinutes":-6.132938123446804,"ayanamsa":23.8189}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2054,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vikṛti","saka_samvat":1919,"saka_samvatsara":"Īśvara","bengali_samvat":1404,"malayalam_era":1173,"nanakshahi_year":528,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Caturthī · Vikram 2054 Vikṛti · Śaka 1919 Īśvara"},"festivals":[{"id":"karka-sankranti","name":"Karka Saṅkrānti (Dakṣiṇāyana)","name_sanskrit":"कर्क सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Cancer; Dakṣiṇāyana (south-going) begins. Devatā-rātri begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Karka"},"precedence":2},{"id":"sankashti-chaturthi","name":"Saṅkaṣṭī Caturthī","name_sanskrit":"सङ्कष्टी चतुर्थी","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Gaṇeśa","significance":"Monthly Gaṇeśa vrata.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":19,"tithi_paksha":"Kṛṣṇa"},"precedence":6}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 23, 1997 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 23, 1997 CE for Perth, Australia: Kṛṣṇa Caturthī, sūryodaya 07:11, sūryāsta 17:34.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1997-07-23","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1997-07-23","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1997-07-23","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1997-07-23","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1997-07-23"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T23:28:06.071Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T23:28:06.071Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-16T23:28:06.071Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}