{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:1997-07-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1997-07-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1997-07-01","date_display":"July 1, 1997 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":7,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450630.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862165.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":75.1123,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":29.9542,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":27,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":314.842,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.842},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":29.9542,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.2876},"yoga":{"number":8,"name":"Dhṛti","sum_longitude":105.0665},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":52,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1997,"month":7,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450630.770833,"ahargana":1862165.2708,"kali_year":5099,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.818,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":75.440741,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":30.238640999999973,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.7483},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":161.590241,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":81.779041,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":297.455641,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":98.987841,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":355.672641,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":153.5226,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":333.5226,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":7,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450630.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862165.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":75.1123,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":29.9542,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":27,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":314.842,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.842},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":29.9542,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.2876},"yoga":{"number":8,"name":"Dhṛti","sum_longitude":105.0665},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":52,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.748,"elongation":45.158},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.748,"opposition_distance":134.842}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"07:17","sunsetLocal":"17:23","solarNoonLocal":"12:20","dayLengthHours":10.088915279242165,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 05 Mins 20 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 54 Mins 40 Secs","moonriseLocal":"04:05","moonsetLocal":"14:33","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"14:51","end":"16:07","startHours":14.856066906551725,"endHours":16.117181316456993,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"09:49","end":"11:04","startHours":9.811609266930642,"endHours":11.072723676835912,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"12:20","end":"13:36","startHours":12.333838086741181,"endHours":13.594952496646453,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:39","end":"09:59","startHours":9.64346067894327,"endHours":9.97975785491801,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:43","end":"07:59","startHours":7.709751917088523,"endHours":7.978789657868314,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:00","end":"12:40","startHours":11.997540910766443,"endHours":12.67013526271592,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:57","end":"06:37","startHours":5.944191743221144,"endHours":6.616786095170622,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:27","end":"07:17","startHours":6.4486375071832525,"endHours":7.2893804471201,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:01","end":"14:41","startHours":14.015323966614876,"endHours":14.687918318564353,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:11","end":"17:35","startHours":17.178295726362265,"endHours":17.578295726362263,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:23","end":"17:48","startHours":17.378295726362264,"endHours":17.798667196330687,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:08","end":"18:53","startHours":17.128295726362264,"endHours":18.878295726362264,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:00","end":"00:40","startHours":23.997540910766443,"endHours":24.67013526271592,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"07:17","end":"08:33","startHours":7.2893804471201,"endHours":8.55049485702537,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"08:33","end":"09:49","startHours":8.55049485702537,"endHours":9.811609266930642,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"09:49","end":"11:04","startHours":9.811609266930642,"endHours":11.072723676835912,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"11:04","end":"12:20","startHours":11.072723676835912,"endHours":12.333838086741181,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"12:20","end":"13:36","startHours":12.333838086741181,"endHours":13.594952496646453,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"13:36","end":"14:51","startHours":13.594952496646453,"endHours":14.856066906551725,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:51","end":"16:07","startHours":14.856066906551725,"endHours":16.117181316456993,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"16:07","end":"17:23","startHours":16.117181316456993,"endHours":17.378295726362264,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"17:23","end":"19:07","startHours":17.378295726362264,"endHours":19.117181316456993,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"19:07","end":"20:51","startHours":19.117181316456993,"endHours":20.856066906551725,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:51","end":"22:36","startHours":20.856066906551725,"endHours":22.594952496646453,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"22:36","end":"00:20","startHours":22.594952496646453,"endHours":24.33383808674118,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"00:20","end":"02:04","startHours":24.33383808674118,"endHours":26.07272367683591,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"02:04","end":"03:49","startHours":26.07272367683591,"endHours":27.81160926693064,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"03:49","end":"05:33","startHours":27.81160926693064,"endHours":29.55049485702537,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"05:33","end":"07:17","startHours":29.55049485702537,"endHours":31.2893804471201,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:17","end":"08:17","startHours":7.2893804471201,"endHours":8.289380447120099,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:17","end":"09:17","startHours":8.289380447120099,"endHours":9.289380447120099,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:17","end":"10:17","startHours":9.289380447120099,"endHours":10.289380447120099,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:17","end":"11:17","startHours":10.289380447120099,"endHours":11.289380447120099,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:17","end":"12:17","startHours":11.289380447120099,"endHours":12.289380447120099,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:17","end":"13:17","startHours":12.289380447120099,"endHours":13.289380447120099,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:17","end":"14:17","startHours":13.289380447120099,"endHours":14.289380447120099,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:17","end":"15:17","startHours":14.289380447120099,"endHours":15.289380447120099,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:17","end":"16:17","startHours":15.289380447120099,"endHours":16.2893804471201,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:17","end":"17:17","startHours":16.2893804471201,"endHours":17.2893804471201,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:17","end":"18:17","startHours":17.2893804471201,"endHours":18.2893804471201,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:17","end":"19:17","startHours":18.2893804471201,"endHours":19.2893804471201,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:17","end":"20:17","startHours":19.2893804471201,"endHours":20.2893804471201,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:17","end":"21:17","startHours":20.2893804471201,"endHours":21.2893804471201,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:17","end":"22:17","startHours":21.2893804471201,"endHours":22.2893804471201,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:17","end":"23:17","startHours":22.2893804471201,"endHours":23.2893804471201,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:17","end":"00:17","startHours":23.2893804471201,"endHours":24.2893804471201,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:17","end":"01:17","startHours":24.2893804471201,"endHours":25.2893804471201,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:17","end":"02:17","startHours":25.2893804471201,"endHours":26.2893804471201,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:17","end":"03:17","startHours":26.2893804471201,"endHours":27.2893804471201,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:17","end":"04:17","startHours":27.2893804471201,"endHours":28.2893804471201,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:17","end":"05:17","startHours":28.2893804471201,"endHours":29.2893804471201,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:17","end":"06:17","startHours":29.2893804471201,"endHours":30.2893804471201,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:17","end":"07:17","startHours":30.2893804471201,"endHours":31.2893804471201,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Chatra","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":23.113307032299314,"eotMinutes":-3.4722852044708983,"ayanamsa":23.818}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2054,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vikṛti","saka_samvat":1919,"saka_samvatsara":"Īśvara","bengali_samvat":1404,"malayalam_era":1173,"nanakshahi_year":528,"lunar_month":"Āṣāḍha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Āṣāḍha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mithuna (Āni)","ritu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","display_summary":"Āṣāḍha Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī · Vikram 2054 Vikṛti · Śaka 1919 Īśvara"},"festivals":[{"id":"mithuna-sankranti","name":"Mithuna Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"मिथुन सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Gemini.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Mithuna"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-10-04","event":"Mahābhārata Day 1 (Bhagavad Gītā delivered)","chart_id":"krishna","shared_marker":"same Kṛttikā","url":"/day/-3137-10-04","relevance":0.5},{"historical_date":"-3137-12-25","event":"Bhīṣma's Mahaprasthan","chart_id":"bhishma","shared_marker":"same Kṛttikā","url":"/day/-3137-12-25","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 1, 1997 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 1, 1997 CE for Perth, Australia: Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī, sūryodaya 07:17, sūryāsta 17:23.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1997-07-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1997-07-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1997-07-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1997-07-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1997-07-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T20:44:58.749Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T20:44:58.749Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-16T20:44:58.749Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}