{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:1997-04-16:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1997-04-16","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1997-04-16","date_display":"April 16, 1997 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":4,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450554.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862089.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":2.4132,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":105.2505,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"tithi":{"number":9,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Navamī","elongation_degrees":102.8373,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.8373},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4,"moon_longitude":105.2505,"elapsed_within_degrees":11.9172},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":107.6637},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":17,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1997,"month":4,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450554.770833,"ahargana":1862089.2708,"kali_year":5099,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8151,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":2.281244000000015,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":107.05204400000002,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.5591},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":143.79404399999999,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":16.043543999999997,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":293.723244,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":5.788343999999995,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":348.440244,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":157.5494,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":337.5494,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":4,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450554.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862089.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":2.4132,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":105.2505,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"tithi":{"number":9,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Navamī","elongation_degrees":102.8373,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.8373},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4,"moon_longitude":105.2505,"elapsed_within_degrees":11.9172},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":107.6637},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":17,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.559,"elongation":102.837},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.559,"opposition_distance":77.163}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"06:38","sunsetLocal":"17:55","solarNoonLocal":"12:17","dayLengthHours":11.2852716580501,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 17 Mins 07 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 42 Mins 53 Secs","moonriseLocal":"13:58","moonsetLocal":"00:33","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"12:17","end":"13:41","startHours":12.275711814723358,"endHours":13.68637077197962,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"08:03","end":"09:27","startHours":8.04373494295457,"endHours":9.454393900210832,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"10:52","end":"12:17","startHours":10.865052857467095,"endHours":12.275711814723358,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:16","end":"09:39","startHours":9.26630603924333,"endHours":9.642481761178335,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:06","end":"07:24","startHours":7.1032956381170616,"endHours":7.4042362156650645,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:54","end":"12:39","startHours":11.899536092788354,"endHours":12.651887536658363,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:08","end":"05:53","startHours":5.128373097958295,"endHours":5.880724541828301,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:42","end":"06:38","startHours":5.692636680860799,"endHours":6.633075985698308,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:09","end":"14:55","startHours":14.156590424398374,"endHours":14.90894186826838,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:43","end":"18:07","startHours":17.71834764374841,"endHours":18.118347643748407,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:55","end":"18:23","startHours":17.918347643748408,"endHours":18.388567296167164,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:40","end":"19:25","startHours":17.668347643748408,"endHours":19.418347643748408,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:54","end":"00:39","startHours":23.899536092788356,"endHours":24.65188753665836,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"06:38","end":"08:03","startHours":6.633075985698308,"endHours":8.04373494295457,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"08:03","end":"09:27","startHours":8.04373494295457,"endHours":9.454393900210832,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"09:27","end":"10:52","startHours":9.454393900210832,"endHours":10.865052857467095,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"10:52","end":"12:17","startHours":10.865052857467095,"endHours":12.275711814723358,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"12:17","end":"13:41","startHours":12.275711814723358,"endHours":13.68637077197962,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"13:41","end":"15:06","startHours":13.68637077197962,"endHours":15.097029729235881,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"15:06","end":"16:30","startHours":15.097029729235881,"endHours":16.507688686492145,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"16:30","end":"17:55","startHours":16.507688686492145,"endHours":17.918347643748408,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:55","end":"19:30","startHours":17.918347643748408,"endHours":19.507688686492145,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"19:30","end":"21:06","startHours":19.507688686492145,"endHours":21.097029729235885,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"21:06","end":"22:41","startHours":21.097029729235885,"endHours":22.68637077197962,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"22:41","end":"00:17","startHours":22.68637077197962,"endHours":24.27571181472336,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"00:17","end":"01:52","startHours":24.27571181472336,"endHours":25.865052857467095,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"01:52","end":"03:27","startHours":25.865052857467095,"endHours":27.45439390021083,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:27","end":"05:03","startHours":27.45439390021083,"endHours":29.043734942954572,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"05:03","end":"06:38","startHours":29.043734942954572,"endHours":30.63307598569831,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:38","end":"07:38","startHours":6.633075985698308,"endHours":7.633075985698308,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:38","end":"08:38","startHours":7.633075985698308,"endHours":8.633075985698309,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:38","end":"09:38","startHours":8.633075985698309,"endHours":9.633075985698309,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:38","end":"10:38","startHours":9.633075985698309,"endHours":10.633075985698309,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:38","end":"11:38","startHours":10.633075985698309,"endHours":11.633075985698309,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:38","end":"12:38","startHours":11.633075985698309,"endHours":12.633075985698309,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:38","end":"13:38","startHours":12.633075985698309,"endHours":13.633075985698309,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:38","end":"14:38","startHours":13.633075985698309,"endHours":14.633075985698309,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:38","end":"15:38","startHours":14.633075985698309,"endHours":15.633075985698309,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:38","end":"16:38","startHours":15.633075985698309,"endHours":16.63307598569831,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:38","end":"17:38","startHours":16.63307598569831,"endHours":17.63307598569831,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:38","end":"18:38","startHours":17.63307598569831,"endHours":18.63307598569831,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:38","end":"19:38","startHours":18.63307598569831,"endHours":19.63307598569831,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:38","end":"20:38","startHours":19.63307598569831,"endHours":20.63307598569831,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:38","end":"21:38","startHours":20.63307598569831,"endHours":21.63307598569831,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:38","end":"22:38","startHours":21.63307598569831,"endHours":22.63307598569831,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:38","end":"23:38","startHours":22.63307598569831,"endHours":23.63307598569831,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:38","end":"00:38","startHours":23.63307598569831,"endHours":24.63307598569831,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:38","end":"01:38","startHours":24.63307598569831,"endHours":25.63307598569831,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:38","end":"02:38","startHours":25.63307598569831,"endHours":26.63307598569831,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:38","end":"03:38","startHours":26.63307598569831,"endHours":27.63307598569831,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:38","end":"04:38","startHours":27.63307598569831,"endHours":28.63307598569831,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:38","end":"05:38","startHours":28.63307598569831,"endHours":29.63307598569831,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:38","end":"06:38","startHours":29.63307598569831,"endHours":30.63307598569831,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Śubha","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":10.076056703363049,"eotMinutes":0.015291116598477705,"ayanamsa":23.8151}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2054,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vikṛti","saka_samvat":1919,"saka_samvatsara":"Īśvara","bengali_samvat":1404,"malayalam_era":1173,"nanakshahi_year":528,"lunar_month":"Caitra","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Caitra Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Caitra","lunar_month_amanta":"Caitra","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Caitra Śukla Navamī · Vikram 2054 Vikṛti · Śaka 1919 Īśvara"},"festivals":[{"id":"rama-navami","name":"Rāma Navamī","name_sanskrit":"राम नवमी","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Rāma (18th avatāra of Krishna)","deity_avatara_index":18,"significance":"Bhagavān Rāma's birth at Ayodhyā. Sūryavaṃśa's most exalted moment.","vrata":true,"primary_observance":"Madhyāhna (noon) abhiṣekam in Ayodhyā tradition","detection":{"tithi_number":9,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Caitra"},"precedence":1,"related_chart":"rama","historical_anchor":{"event":"Bhagavān Rāma's birth at Ayodhyā","date_julian":"-1626101-04-03","location":"Ayodhyā"},"sources":["Vālmīki Rāmāyaṇa, Bāla-Kāṇḍa 1.18"]}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"rama-navami-walk","name":"Rāma Navamī Walk","name_sanskrit":"राम नवमी यात्रा","type":"festival","description":"Vālmīki Bāla-Kāṇḍa selections + BG 4.7-8 (avatāra principle).","step_count":9,"url":"/walk/rama-navami-walk"},"reason":"Today is Rāma Navamī — its dedicated walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-1626101-04-03","event":"Bhagavān Rāma's birth at Ayodhyā","chart_id":"rama","shared_marker":"same Śukla Navamī","url":"/day/-1626101-04-03","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga April 16, 1997 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"April 16, 1997 CE for Perth, Australia: Śukla Navamī, sūryodaya 06:38, sūryāsta 17:55.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1997-04-16","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1997-04-16","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1997-04-16","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1997-04-16","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1997-04-16"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T11:09:35.953Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T11:09:35.953Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-31T11:09:35.953Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}