{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:1978-07-21:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1978-07-21","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1978-07-21","date_display":"July 21, 1978 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1978,"month":7,"day":21,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2443710.770833,"kali_year":5080,"ahargana":1855245.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":93.972,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":286.2356,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":17,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":192.2636,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.2636},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2,"moon_longitude":286.2356,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.2356},"yoga":{"number":2,"name":"Prīti","sum_longitude":20.2076},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":32,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1978,"month":7,"day":21,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2443710.770833,"ahargana":1855245.2708,"kali_year":5080,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.5534,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":94.38863600000002,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":287.3453360000001,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.6366},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":147.958036,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":121.63543600000003,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":86.38813600000003,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":136.87003600000003,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":125.66773599999999,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":160.1775,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":340.1775,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1978,"month":7,"day":21,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2443710.770833,"kali_year":5080,"ahargana":1855245.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":93.972,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":286.2356,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":17,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":192.2636,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.2636},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2,"moon_longitude":286.2356,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.2356},"yoga":{"number":2,"name":"Prīti","sum_longitude":20.2076},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":32,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.637,"elongation":167.736},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.637,"opposition_distance":12.264}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"07:12","sunsetLocal":"17:33","solarNoonLocal":"12:23","dayLengthHours":10.338657235208322,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 20 Mins 19 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 39 Mins 41 Secs","moonriseLocal":"18:26","moonsetLocal":"08:03","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"11:05","end":"12:23","startHours":11.084464569520359,"endHours":12.376796723921398,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"14:58","end":"16:15","startHours":14.961461032723479,"endHours":16.253793187124522,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"08:30","end":"09:48","startHours":8.499800260718278,"endHours":9.792132415119319,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:37","end":"09:58","startHours":9.61982146119918,"endHours":9.964443369039458,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:38","end":"07:55","startHours":7.638245491117585,"endHours":7.9139430173898075,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:02","end":"12:43","startHours":12.03217481608112,"endHours":12.721418631761676,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:50","end":"06:31","startHours":5.828980474956128,"endHours":6.518224290636684,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:21","end":"07:12","startHours":6.345913336716545,"endHours":7.207468106317238,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:06","end":"14:47","startHours":14.099906263122786,"endHours":14.789150078803342,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:21","end":"17:45","startHours":17.34612534152556,"endHours":17.74612534152556,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:33","end":"17:59","startHours":17.54612534152556,"endHours":17.976902726325907,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:18","end":"19:03","startHours":17.29612534152556,"endHours":19.04612534152556,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:02","end":"00:43","startHours":24.03217481608112,"endHours":24.721418631761676,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"07:12","end":"08:30","startHours":7.207468106317238,"endHours":8.499800260718278,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"08:30","end":"09:48","startHours":8.499800260718278,"endHours":9.792132415119319,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"09:48","end":"11:05","startHours":9.792132415119319,"endHours":11.084464569520359,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"11:05","end":"12:23","startHours":11.084464569520359,"endHours":12.376796723921398,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"12:23","end":"13:40","startHours":12.376796723921398,"endHours":13.66912887832244,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"13:40","end":"14:58","startHours":13.66912887832244,"endHours":14.961461032723479,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"14:58","end":"16:15","startHours":14.961461032723479,"endHours":16.253793187124522,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"16:15","end":"17:33","startHours":16.253793187124522,"endHours":17.54612534152556,"quality":"neutral"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"17:33","end":"19:15","startHours":17.54612534152556,"endHours":19.25379318712452,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"19:15","end":"20:58","startHours":19.25379318712452,"endHours":20.96146103272348,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"20:58","end":"22:40","startHours":20.96146103272348,"endHours":22.66912887832244,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"22:40","end":"00:23","startHours":22.66912887832244,"endHours":24.376796723921398,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"00:23","end":"02:05","startHours":24.376796723921398,"endHours":26.084464569520357,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"02:05","end":"03:48","startHours":26.084464569520357,"endHours":27.79213241511932,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"03:48","end":"05:30","startHours":27.79213241511932,"endHours":29.499800260718278,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"05:30","end":"07:12","startHours":29.499800260718278,"endHours":31.207468106317236,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:12","end":"08:12","startHours":7.207468106317238,"endHours":8.207468106317238,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:12","end":"09:12","startHours":8.207468106317238,"endHours":9.207468106317238,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:12","end":"10:12","startHours":9.207468106317238,"endHours":10.207468106317238,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:12","end":"11:12","startHours":10.207468106317238,"endHours":11.207468106317238,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:12","end":"12:12","startHours":11.207468106317238,"endHours":12.207468106317238,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:12","end":"13:12","startHours":12.207468106317238,"endHours":13.207468106317238,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:12","end":"14:12","startHours":13.207468106317238,"endHours":14.207468106317238,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:12","end":"15:12","startHours":14.207468106317238,"endHours":15.207468106317238,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:12","end":"16:12","startHours":15.207468106317238,"endHours":16.207468106317236,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:12","end":"17:12","startHours":16.207468106317236,"endHours":17.207468106317236,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:12","end":"18:12","startHours":17.207468106317236,"endHours":18.207468106317236,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:12","end":"19:12","startHours":18.207468106317236,"endHours":19.207468106317236,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:12","end":"20:12","startHours":19.207468106317236,"endHours":20.207468106317236,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:12","end":"21:12","startHours":20.207468106317236,"endHours":21.207468106317236,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:12","end":"22:12","startHours":21.207468106317236,"endHours":22.207468106317236,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:12","end":"23:12","startHours":22.207468106317236,"endHours":23.207468106317236,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:12","end":"00:12","startHours":23.207468106317236,"endHours":24.207468106317236,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:12","end":"01:12","startHours":24.207468106317236,"endHours":25.207468106317236,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:12","end":"02:12","startHours":25.207468106317236,"endHours":26.207468106317236,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:12","end":"03:12","startHours":26.207468106317236,"endHours":27.207468106317236,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:12","end":"04:12","startHours":27.207468106317236,"endHours":28.207468106317236,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:12","end":"05:12","startHours":28.207468106317236,"endHours":29.207468106317236,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:12","end":"06:12","startHours":29.207468106317236,"endHours":30.207468106317236,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:12","end":"07:12","startHours":30.207468106317236,"endHours":31.207468106317236,"planetary_lord":"Mars"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"South-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Padma","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":20.57086659931558,"eotMinutes":-6.049803435283957,"ayanamsa":23.5534}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2035,"vikram_samvatsara":"Prajāpati","saka_samvat":1900,"saka_samvatsara":"Kālayukta","bengali_samvat":1385,"malayalam_era":1154,"nanakshahi_year":509,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_amanta":"Āṣāḍha","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā · Vikram 2035 Prajāpati · Śaka 1900 Kālayukta"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shukra-walk","name":"Śukra Walk","name_sanskrit":"शुक्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Beauty + creativity in dharma + BG 10.36.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/shukra-walk"},"reason":"Śukravāra (Friday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 21, 1978 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 21, 1978 CE for Perth, Australia: Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā, sūryodaya 07:12, sūryāsta 17:33.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1978-07-21","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1978-07-21","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1978-07-21","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1978-07-21","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1978-07-21"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T15:12:02.955Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T15:12:02.955Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-31T15:12:02.955Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}