{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:1973-12-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1973-12-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1973-12-28","date_display":"December 28, 1973 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1973,"month":12,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2442044.770833,"kali_year":5075,"ahargana":1853579.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":252.4623,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":292.7465,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":4,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Caturthī","elongation_degrees":40.2842,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.2842},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":4,"moon_longitude":292.7465,"elapsed_within_degrees":12.7465},"yoga":{"number":14,"name":"Harṣaṇa","sum_longitude":185.2088},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":6,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1973,"month":12,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2442044.770833,"ahargana":1853579.2708,"kali_year":5075,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.4897,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":252.66918899999996,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":289.4413890000001,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.141},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":8.059088999999972,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":245.94638899999995,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":290.37668899999994,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":287.471189,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":67.61608899999999,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":248.4502,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":68.4502,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1973,"month":12,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2442044.770833,"kali_year":5075,"ahargana":1853579.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":252.4623,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":292.7465,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":4,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Caturthī","elongation_degrees":40.2842,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.2842},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":4,"moon_longitude":292.7465,"elapsed_within_degrees":12.7465},"yoga":{"number":14,"name":"Harṣaṇa","sum_longitude":185.2088},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":6,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.141,"elongation":40.284},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.141,"opposition_distance":139.716}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-18,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":1.303,"opposition_distance":1.423}]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"05:12","sunsetLocal":"19:25","solarNoonLocal":"12:18","dayLengthHours":14.225074615713547,"dayLengthDisplay":"14 Hours 13 Mins 30 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"9 Hours 46 Mins 30 Secs","moonriseLocal":"07:59","moonsetLocal":"21:32","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"10:32","end":"12:18","startHours":10.529284080773929,"endHours":12.307418407738123,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"15:52","end":"17:39","startHours":15.863687061666509,"endHours":17.641821388630703,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"06:58","end":"08:45","startHours":6.973015426845541,"endHours":8.751149753809734,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:31","end":"08:59","startHours":8.514065176881175,"endHours":8.988234330738294,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:47","end":"06:10","startHours":5.787592542202746,"endHours":6.16692786528844,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:50","end":"12:47","startHours":11.833249253881004,"endHours":12.781587561595241,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:18","end":"04:15","startHours":3.2982044844528753,"endHours":4.246542792167112,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:01","end":"05:12","startHours":4.009458215238553,"endHours":5.194881099881348,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:41","end":"15:38","startHours":14.678264177023712,"endHours":15.626602484737948,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:13","end":"19:37","startHours":19.219955715594896,"endHours":19.619955715594894,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:25","end":"20:01","startHours":19.419955715594895,"endHours":20.012667157916294,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"19:10","end":"20:55","startHours":19.169955715594895,"endHours":20.919955715594895,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:50","end":"00:47","startHours":23.833249253881004,"endHours":24.78158756159524,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"05:12","end":"06:58","startHours":5.194881099881348,"endHours":6.973015426845541,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"06:58","end":"08:45","startHours":6.973015426845541,"endHours":8.751149753809734,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"08:45","end":"10:32","startHours":8.751149753809734,"endHours":10.529284080773929,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"10:32","end":"12:18","startHours":10.529284080773929,"endHours":12.307418407738123,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"12:18","end":"14:05","startHours":12.307418407738123,"endHours":14.085552734702315,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"14:05","end":"15:52","startHours":14.085552734702315,"endHours":15.863687061666509,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"15:52","end":"17:39","startHours":15.863687061666509,"endHours":17.641821388630703,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"17:39","end":"19:25","startHours":17.641821388630703,"endHours":19.419955715594895,"quality":"neutral"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"19:25","end":"20:39","startHours":19.419955715594895,"endHours":20.641821388630703,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"20:39","end":"21:52","startHours":20.641821388630703,"endHours":21.863687061666507,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"21:52","end":"23:05","startHours":21.863687061666507,"endHours":23.085552734702315,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"23:05","end":"00:18","startHours":23.085552734702315,"endHours":24.307418407738123,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"00:18","end":"01:32","startHours":24.307418407738123,"endHours":25.529284080773927,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"01:32","end":"02:45","startHours":25.529284080773927,"endHours":26.751149753809734,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"02:45","end":"03:58","startHours":26.751149753809734,"endHours":27.973015426845542,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:58","end":"05:12","startHours":27.973015426845542,"endHours":29.19488109988135,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:12","end":"06:12","startHours":5.194881099881348,"endHours":6.194881099881348,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:12","end":"07:12","startHours":6.194881099881348,"endHours":7.194881099881348,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:12","end":"08:12","startHours":7.194881099881348,"endHours":8.194881099881348,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:12","end":"09:12","startHours":8.194881099881348,"endHours":9.194881099881348,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:12","end":"10:12","startHours":9.194881099881348,"endHours":10.194881099881348,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:12","end":"11:12","startHours":10.194881099881348,"endHours":11.194881099881348,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:12","end":"12:12","startHours":11.194881099881348,"endHours":12.194881099881348,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:12","end":"13:12","startHours":12.194881099881348,"endHours":13.194881099881348,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:12","end":"14:12","startHours":13.194881099881348,"endHours":14.194881099881348,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:12","end":"15:12","startHours":14.194881099881348,"endHours":15.194881099881348,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:12","end":"16:12","startHours":15.194881099881348,"endHours":16.19488109988135,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:12","end":"17:12","startHours":16.19488109988135,"endHours":17.19488109988135,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:12","end":"18:12","startHours":17.19488109988135,"endHours":18.19488109988135,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:12","end":"19:12","startHours":18.19488109988135,"endHours":19.19488109988135,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:12","end":"20:12","startHours":19.19488109988135,"endHours":20.19488109988135,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:12","end":"21:12","startHours":20.19488109988135,"endHours":21.19488109988135,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:12","end":"22:12","startHours":21.19488109988135,"endHours":22.19488109988135,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:12","end":"23:12","startHours":22.19488109988135,"endHours":23.19488109988135,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:12","end":"00:12","startHours":23.19488109988135,"endHours":24.19488109988135,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:12","end":"01:12","startHours":24.19488109988135,"endHours":25.19488109988135,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:12","end":"02:12","startHours":25.19488109988135,"endHours":26.19488109988135,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:12","end":"03:12","startHours":26.19488109988135,"endHours":27.19488109988135,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:12","end":"04:12","startHours":27.19488109988135,"endHours":28.19488109988135,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:12","end":"05:12","startHours":28.19488109988135,"endHours":29.19488109988135,"planetary_lord":"Mars"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"South-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Padma","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-23.29322074641973,"eotMinutes":-1.8871044642874448,"ayanamsa":23.4897}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2030,"vikram_samvatsara":"Akṣaya","saka_samvat":1895,"saka_samvatsara":"Pramādī","bengali_samvat":1380,"malayalam_era":1149,"nanakshahi_year":504,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_amanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Śukla Caturthī · Vikram 2030 Akṣaya · Śaka 1895 Pramādī"},"festivals":[{"id":"vinayaka-chaturthi","name":"Vināyaka Caturthī (monthly)","name_sanskrit":"विनायक चतुर्थी","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Gaṇeśa","significance":"Monthly Śukla-pakṣa Caturthī; auspicious for new ventures.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":4,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla"},"precedence":6}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shukra-walk","name":"Śukra Walk","name_sanskrit":"शुक्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Beauty + creativity in dharma + BG 10.36.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/shukra-walk"},"reason":"Śukravāra (Friday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 28, 1973 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 28, 1973 CE for Perth, Australia: Śukla Caturthī, sūryodaya 05:12, sūryāsta 19:25.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1973-12-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1973-12-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1973-12-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1973-12-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1973-12-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-01T10:42:42.611Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-01T10:42:42.611Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-01T10:42:42.611Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}