{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:1965-02-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1965-02-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1965-02-28","date_display":"February 28, 1965 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1965,"month":2,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2438819.770833,"kali_year":5066,"ahargana":1850354.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":316.1152,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":276.7808,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":27,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":320.6656,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.6656},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":276.7808,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.1142},"yoga":{"number":18,"name":"Varīyān","sum_longitude":232.896},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":53,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1965,"month":2,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2438819.770833,"ahargana":1850354.2708,"kali_year":5066,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.3663,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":315.8827080000001,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":277.981708,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-2.7348},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":149.37190800000002,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":319.72750799999994,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":27.208008000000007,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":305.53920800000003,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":315.09890799999994,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":59.3262,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":239.3262,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1965,"month":2,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2438819.770833,"kali_year":5066,"ahargana":1850354.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":316.1152,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":276.7808,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":27,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":320.6656,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.6656},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":276.7808,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.1142},"yoga":{"number":18,"name":"Varīyān","sum_longitude":232.896},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":53,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.735,"elongation":39.334},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.735,"opposition_distance":140.666}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"06:05","sunsetLocal":"18:54","solarNoonLocal":"12:30","dayLengthHours":12.811914403219507,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 48 Mins 43 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 11 Mins 17 Secs","moonriseLocal":"03:03","moonsetLocal":"16:53","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"17:18","end":"18:54","startHours":17.300818881641106,"endHours":18.902308182043544,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:30","end":"14:06","startHours":12.496350980433792,"endHours":14.09784028083623,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:42","end":"17:18","startHours":15.699329581238668,"endHours":17.300818881641106,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:05","end":"09:30","startHours":9.07984047290859,"endHours":9.50690428634924,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:37","end":"06:58","startHours":6.624223545624851,"endHours":6.965874596377371,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:04","end":"12:55","startHours":12.06928716699314,"endHours":12.923414793874441,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:23","end":"05:14","startHours":4.382138525061437,"endHours":5.236266151942737,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:01","end":"06:05","startHours":5.022734245222412,"endHours":6.090393778824038,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:38","end":"15:29","startHours":14.631670047637044,"endHours":15.485797674518345,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:42","end":"19:06","startHours":18.702308182043545,"endHours":19.102308182043544,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:54","end":"19:26","startHours":18.902308182043544,"endHours":19.436137948844358,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:39","end":"20:24","startHours":18.652308182043544,"endHours":20.402308182043544,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:04","end":"00:55","startHours":24.06928716699314,"endHours":24.92341479387444,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:05","end":"07:42","startHours":6.090393778824038,"endHours":7.691883079226477,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"07:42","end":"09:18","startHours":7.691883079226477,"endHours":9.293372379628915,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:18","end":"10:54","startHours":9.293372379628915,"endHours":10.894861680031354,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:54","end":"12:30","startHours":10.894861680031354,"endHours":12.496350980433792,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:30","end":"14:06","startHours":12.496350980433792,"endHours":14.09784028083623,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:06","end":"15:42","startHours":14.09784028083623,"endHours":15.699329581238668,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:42","end":"17:18","startHours":15.699329581238668,"endHours":17.300818881641106,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:18","end":"18:54","startHours":17.300818881641106,"endHours":18.902308182043544,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:54","end":"20:18","startHours":18.902308182043544,"endHours":20.300818881641106,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:18","end":"21:42","startHours":20.300818881641106,"endHours":21.69932958123867,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:42","end":"23:06","startHours":21.69932958123867,"endHours":23.09784028083623,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:06","end":"00:30","startHours":23.09784028083623,"endHours":24.49635098043379,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:30","end":"01:54","startHours":24.49635098043379,"endHours":25.894861680031354,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:54","end":"03:18","startHours":25.894861680031354,"endHours":27.293372379628913,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:18","end":"04:42","startHours":27.293372379628913,"endHours":28.691883079226475,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"04:42","end":"06:05","startHours":28.691883079226475,"endHours":30.090393778824037,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:05","end":"07:05","startHours":6.090393778824038,"endHours":7.090393778824038,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:05","end":"08:05","startHours":7.090393778824038,"endHours":8.090393778824037,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:05","end":"09:05","startHours":8.090393778824037,"endHours":9.090393778824037,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:05","end":"10:05","startHours":9.090393778824037,"endHours":10.090393778824037,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:05","end":"11:05","startHours":10.090393778824037,"endHours":11.090393778824037,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:05","end":"12:05","startHours":11.090393778824037,"endHours":12.090393778824037,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:05","end":"13:05","startHours":12.090393778824037,"endHours":13.090393778824037,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:05","end":"14:05","startHours":13.090393778824037,"endHours":14.090393778824037,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:05","end":"15:05","startHours":14.090393778824037,"endHours":15.090393778824037,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:05","end":"16:05","startHours":15.090393778824037,"endHours":16.090393778824037,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:05","end":"17:05","startHours":16.090393778824037,"endHours":17.090393778824037,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:05","end":"18:05","startHours":17.090393778824037,"endHours":18.090393778824037,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:05","end":"19:05","startHours":18.090393778824037,"endHours":19.090393778824037,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:05","end":"20:05","startHours":19.090393778824037,"endHours":20.090393778824037,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:05","end":"21:05","startHours":20.090393778824037,"endHours":21.090393778824037,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:05","end":"22:05","startHours":21.090393778824037,"endHours":22.090393778824037,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:05","end":"23:05","startHours":22.090393778824037,"endHours":23.090393778824037,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:05","end":"00:05","startHours":23.090393778824037,"endHours":24.090393778824037,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:05","end":"01:05","startHours":24.090393778824037,"endHours":25.090393778824037,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:05","end":"02:05","startHours":25.090393778824037,"endHours":26.090393778824037,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:05","end":"03:05","startHours":26.090393778824037,"endHours":27.090393778824037,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:05","end":"04:05","startHours":27.090393778824037,"endHours":28.090393778824037,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:05","end":"05:05","startHours":28.090393778824037,"endHours":29.090393778824037,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:05","end":"06:05","startHours":29.090393778824037,"endHours":30.090393778824037,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Amṛta","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-8.101056422813821,"eotMinutes":-13.223058826027486,"ayanamsa":23.3663}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2022,"vikram_samvatsara":"Kālayukta","saka_samvat":1887,"saka_samvatsara":"Viśvāvasu","bengali_samvat":1372,"malayalam_era":1141,"nanakshahi_year":496,"lunar_month":"Phālguna","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Phālguna Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Phālguna","lunar_month_amanta":"Māgha","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Kumbha (Māsi)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Phālguna Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī · Vikram 2022 Kālayukta · Śaka 1887 Viśvāvasu"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga February 28, 1965 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"February 28, 1965 CE for Perth, Australia: Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī, sūryodaya 06:05, sūryāsta 18:54.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1965-02-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1965-02-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1965-02-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1965-02-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1965-02-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-09-06T06:53:37.031Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-09-06T06:53:37.031Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-09-06T06:53:37.031Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Hosted scripture","Named-tradition interpretation","Original Vidhyamitra contemplation","Bhūmi-born material medium","Vidhyamitra portal","Responsible reader in their own kṣetra"],"claim_boundary":"The legacy purna_chain field carries a source-to-reader sequence, not a revealed physical descent, universal cosmology, or proof that software is conscious.","antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}