{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:1931-01-16:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1931-01-16","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1931-01-16","date_display":"January 16, 1931 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1931,"month":1,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2426357.770833,"kali_year":5032,"ahargana":1837892.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":272.1191,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":240.6188,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":28,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":328.4997,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.4997},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1,"moon_longitude":240.6188,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.6188},"yoga":{"number":12,"name":"Dhruva","sum_longitude":152.7379},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":54,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1931,"month":1,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2426357.770833,"ahargana":1837892.2708,"kali_year":5032,"ayanamsa_lahiri":22.8897,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":272.05954799999995,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":240.71574800000008,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.9347},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":109.526748,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":254.08674799999994,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":81.99904800000002,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":227.34304799999995,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":262.957348,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":359.6229,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":179.6229,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1931,"month":1,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2426357.770833,"kali_year":5032,"ahargana":1837892.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":272.1191,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":240.6188,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":28,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":328.4997,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.4997},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1,"moon_longitude":240.6188,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.6188},"yoga":{"number":12,"name":"Dhruva","sum_longitude":152.7379},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":54,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.935,"elongation":31.5},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.935,"opposition_distance":148.5}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"05:26","sunsetLocal":"19:26","solarNoonLocal":"12:26","dayLengthHours":14.005384874611568,"dayLengthDisplay":"14 Hours 00 Mins 19 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"9 Hours 59 Mins 41 Secs","moonriseLocal":"03:15","moonsetLocal":"17:26","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"10:41","end":"12:26","startHours":10.686841916369849,"endHours":12.437515025696294,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"15:56","end":"17:41","startHours":15.938861244349187,"endHours":17.689534353675633,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"07:11","end":"08:56","startHours":7.185495697716956,"endHours":8.936168807043401,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:42","end":"09:10","startHours":8.702745725799875,"endHours":9.169591888286929,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:01","end":"06:24","startHours":6.018380291499326,"endHours":6.3918572214889675,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:58","end":"12:54","startHours":11.970668863209243,"endHours":12.904361188183346,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:34","end":"04:30","startHours":3.5674379384423007,"endHours":4.501130263416406,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:16","end":"05:26","startHours":4.267707182172879,"endHours":5.43482258839051,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:46","end":"15:42","startHours":14.771745838131556,"endHours":15.705438163105661,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:14","end":"19:38","startHours":19.24020746300208,"endHours":19.640207463002078,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:26","end":"20:01","startHours":19.44020746300208,"endHours":20.023765166110895,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"19:11","end":"20:56","startHours":19.19020746300208,"endHours":20.94020746300208,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:58","end":"00:54","startHours":23.97066886320924,"endHours":24.904361188183344,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"05:26","end":"07:11","startHours":5.43482258839051,"endHours":7.185495697716956,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"07:11","end":"08:56","startHours":7.185495697716956,"endHours":8.936168807043401,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"08:56","end":"10:41","startHours":8.936168807043401,"endHours":10.686841916369849,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"10:41","end":"12:26","startHours":10.686841916369849,"endHours":12.437515025696294,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"12:26","end":"14:11","startHours":12.437515025696294,"endHours":14.18818813502274,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"14:11","end":"15:56","startHours":14.18818813502274,"endHours":15.938861244349187,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"15:56","end":"17:41","startHours":15.938861244349187,"endHours":17.689534353675633,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"17:41","end":"19:26","startHours":17.689534353675633,"endHours":19.44020746300208,"quality":"neutral"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"19:26","end":"20:41","startHours":19.44020746300208,"endHours":20.689534353675633,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"20:41","end":"21:56","startHours":20.689534353675633,"endHours":21.938861244349187,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"21:56","end":"23:11","startHours":21.938861244349187,"endHours":23.18818813502274,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"23:11","end":"00:26","startHours":23.18818813502274,"endHours":24.437515025696293,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"00:26","end":"01:41","startHours":24.437515025696293,"endHours":25.68684191636985,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"01:41","end":"02:56","startHours":25.68684191636985,"endHours":26.9361688070434,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"02:56","end":"04:11","startHours":26.9361688070434,"endHours":28.185495697716956,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"04:11","end":"05:26","startHours":28.185495697716956,"endHours":29.43482258839051,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:26","end":"06:26","startHours":5.43482258839051,"endHours":6.43482258839051,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:26","end":"07:26","startHours":6.43482258839051,"endHours":7.43482258839051,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:26","end":"08:26","startHours":7.43482258839051,"endHours":8.43482258839051,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:26","end":"09:26","startHours":8.43482258839051,"endHours":9.43482258839051,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:26","end":"10:26","startHours":9.43482258839051,"endHours":10.43482258839051,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:26","end":"11:26","startHours":10.43482258839051,"endHours":11.43482258839051,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:26","end":"12:26","startHours":11.43482258839051,"endHours":12.43482258839051,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:26","end":"13:26","startHours":12.43482258839051,"endHours":13.43482258839051,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:26","end":"14:26","startHours":13.43482258839051,"endHours":14.43482258839051,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:26","end":"15:26","startHours":14.43482258839051,"endHours":15.43482258839051,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:26","end":"16:26","startHours":15.43482258839051,"endHours":16.43482258839051,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:26","end":"17:26","startHours":16.43482258839051,"endHours":17.43482258839051,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:26","end":"18:26","startHours":17.43482258839051,"endHours":18.43482258839051,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:26","end":"19:26","startHours":18.43482258839051,"endHours":19.43482258839051,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:26","end":"20:26","startHours":19.43482258839051,"endHours":20.43482258839051,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:26","end":"21:26","startHours":20.43482258839051,"endHours":21.43482258839051,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:26","end":"22:26","startHours":21.43482258839051,"endHours":22.43482258839051,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:26","end":"23:26","startHours":22.43482258839051,"endHours":23.43482258839051,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:26","end":"00:26","startHours":23.43482258839051,"endHours":24.43482258839051,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:26","end":"01:26","startHours":24.43482258839051,"endHours":25.43482258839051,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:26","end":"02:26","startHours":25.43482258839051,"endHours":26.43482258839051,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:26","end":"03:26","startHours":26.43482258839051,"endHours":27.43482258839051,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:26","end":"04:26","startHours":27.43482258839051,"endHours":28.43482258839051,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:26","end":"05:26","startHours":28.43482258839051,"endHours":29.43482258839051,"planetary_lord":"Mars"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"South-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Chatra","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-21.138079221073102,"eotMinutes":-9.692901541777706,"ayanamsa":22.8897}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":1988,"vikram_samvatsara":"Tāraṇa","saka_samvat":1853,"saka_samvatsara":"Prajāpati","bengali_samvat":1338,"malayalam_era":1107,"nanakshahi_year":462,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Māgha","lunar_month_amanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī · Vikram 1988 Tāraṇa · Śaka 1853 Prajāpati"},"festivals":[{"id":"pradosha-vrata","name":"Pradoṣa Vrata","name_sanskrit":"प्रदोष व्रत","tradition":"Shaiva","associated_deity":"Śiva","significance":"Twilight worship of Śiva on Trayodaśī.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":13},{"tithi_number":28}]},"precedence":7}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shukra-walk","name":"Śukra Walk","name_sanskrit":"शुक्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Beauty + creativity in dharma + BG 10.36.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/shukra-walk"},"reason":"Śukravāra (Friday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 16, 1931 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 16, 1931 CE for Perth, Australia: Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī, sūryodaya 05:26, sūryāsta 19:26.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1931-01-16","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1931-01-16","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1931-01-16","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1931-01-16","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1931-01-16"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T19:20:02.407Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T19:20:02.407Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-02T19:20:02.407Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}