{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:1897-01-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1897-01-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1897-01-31","date_display":"January 31, 1897 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1897,"month":1,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2413955.770833,"kali_year":4998,"ahargana":1825490.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":289.3241,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":268.2944,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":29,"name":"Caturdaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturdaśī","elongation_degrees":338.9703,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.9703},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":268.2944,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.6277},"yoga":{"number":15,"name":"Vajra","sum_longitude":197.6185},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":56,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1897,"month":1,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2413955.770833,"ahargana":1825490.2708,"kali_year":4998,"ayanamsa_lahiri":22.4154,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":289.061095,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":266.67789500000003,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-2.1418},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":51.91419500000001,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":273.56269499999996,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":136.28459499999997,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":336.401395,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":218.20049500000005,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":296.7406,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":116.7406,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Āśleṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1897,"month":1,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2413955.770833,"kali_year":4998,"ahargana":1825490.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":289.3241,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":268.2944,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":29,"name":"Caturdaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturdaśī","elongation_degrees":338.9703,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.9703},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":268.2944,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.6277},"yoga":{"number":15,"name":"Vajra","sum_longitude":197.6185},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":56,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.142,"elongation":21.03},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.142,"opposition_distance":158.97}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-12,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":1.464,"opposition_distance":1.334}]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"05:41","sunsetLocal":"19:19","solarNoonLocal":"12:30","dayLengthHours":13.636969732945271,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 38 Mins 13 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 21 Mins 47 Secs","moonriseLocal":"03:59","moonsetLocal":"18:02","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"17:37","end":"19:19","startHours":17.61532345888518,"endHours":19.319944675503336,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:30","end":"14:12","startHours":12.501459809030703,"endHours":14.20608102564886,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:55","end":"17:37","startHours":15.910702242267018,"endHours":17.61532345888518,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:52","end":"09:19","startHours":8.864934546911963,"endHours":9.319500204676805,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:15","end":"06:37","startHours":6.251182014764119,"endHours":6.614834540975993,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:03","end":"12:57","startHours":12.046894151265858,"endHours":12.956025466795543,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:52","end":"04:46","startHours":3.8647123114986965,"endHours":4.7738436270283815,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:33","end":"05:41","startHours":4.54656079814596,"endHours":5.682974942558066,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:46","end":"15:41","startHours":14.774288097854914,"endHours":15.683419413384598,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:07","end":"19:31","startHours":19.119944675503337,"endHours":19.519944675503336,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:19","end":"19:53","startHours":19.319944675503336,"endHours":19.88815174770939,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"19:04","end":"20:49","startHours":19.069944675503336,"endHours":20.819944675503336,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:03","end":"00:57","startHours":24.046894151265857,"endHours":24.95602546679554,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"05:41","end":"07:23","startHours":5.682974942558066,"endHours":7.3875961591762245,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"07:23","end":"09:06","startHours":7.3875961591762245,"endHours":9.092217375794384,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:06","end":"10:48","startHours":9.092217375794384,"endHours":10.796838592412541,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:48","end":"12:30","startHours":10.796838592412541,"endHours":12.501459809030703,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:30","end":"14:12","startHours":12.501459809030703,"endHours":14.20608102564886,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:12","end":"15:55","startHours":14.20608102564886,"endHours":15.910702242267018,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:55","end":"17:37","startHours":15.910702242267018,"endHours":17.61532345888518,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:37","end":"19:19","startHours":17.61532345888518,"endHours":19.319944675503336,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"19:19","end":"20:37","startHours":19.319944675503336,"endHours":20.61532345888518,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:37","end":"21:55","startHours":20.61532345888518,"endHours":21.910702242267018,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:55","end":"23:12","startHours":21.910702242267018,"endHours":23.20608102564886,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:12","end":"00:30","startHours":23.20608102564886,"endHours":24.5014598090307,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:30","end":"01:48","startHours":24.5014598090307,"endHours":25.79683859241254,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:48","end":"03:06","startHours":25.79683859241254,"endHours":27.092217375794384,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:06","end":"04:23","startHours":27.092217375794384,"endHours":28.387596159176226,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"04:23","end":"05:41","startHours":28.387596159176226,"endHours":29.682974942558065,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:41","end":"06:41","startHours":5.682974942558066,"endHours":6.682974942558066,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:41","end":"07:41","startHours":6.682974942558066,"endHours":7.682974942558066,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:41","end":"08:41","startHours":7.682974942558066,"endHours":8.682974942558065,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:41","end":"09:41","startHours":8.682974942558065,"endHours":9.682974942558065,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:41","end":"10:41","startHours":9.682974942558065,"endHours":10.682974942558065,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:41","end":"11:41","startHours":10.682974942558065,"endHours":11.682974942558065,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:41","end":"12:41","startHours":11.682974942558065,"endHours":12.682974942558065,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:41","end":"13:41","startHours":12.682974942558065,"endHours":13.682974942558065,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:41","end":"14:41","startHours":13.682974942558065,"endHours":14.682974942558065,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:41","end":"15:41","startHours":14.682974942558065,"endHours":15.682974942558065,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:41","end":"16:41","startHours":15.682974942558065,"endHours":16.682974942558065,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:41","end":"17:41","startHours":16.682974942558065,"endHours":17.682974942558065,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:41","end":"18:41","startHours":17.682974942558065,"endHours":18.682974942558065,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:41","end":"19:41","startHours":18.682974942558065,"endHours":19.682974942558065,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:41","end":"20:41","startHours":19.682974942558065,"endHours":20.682974942558065,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:41","end":"21:41","startHours":20.682974942558065,"endHours":21.682974942558065,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:41","end":"22:41","startHours":21.682974942558065,"endHours":22.682974942558065,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:41","end":"23:41","startHours":22.682974942558065,"endHours":23.682974942558065,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:41","end":"00:41","startHours":23.682974942558065,"endHours":24.682974942558065,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:41","end":"01:41","startHours":24.682974942558065,"endHours":25.682974942558065,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:41","end":"02:41","startHours":25.682974942558065,"endHours":26.682974942558065,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:41","end":"03:41","startHours":26.682974942558065,"endHours":27.682974942558065,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:41","end":"04:41","startHours":27.682974942558065,"endHours":28.682974942558065,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:41","end":"05:41","startHours":28.682974942558065,"endHours":29.682974942558065,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Amṛta","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-17.3370434699834,"eotMinutes":-13.52958854184206,"ayanamsa":22.4154}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":1954,"vikram_samvatsara":"Sādhāraṇa","saka_samvat":1819,"saka_samvatsara":"Hemalambī","bengali_samvat":1304,"malayalam_era":1073,"nanakshahi_year":428,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Māgha","lunar_month_amanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Caturdaśī · Vikram 1954 Sādhāraṇa · Śaka 1819 Hemalambī"},"festivals":[{"id":"masika-shivaratri","name":"Māsika Śivarātri","name_sanskrit":"मासिक शिवरात्रि","tradition":"Shaiva","associated_deity":"Śiva","significance":"Monthly Śiva observance.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":29,"tithi_paksha":"Kṛṣṇa"},"precedence":6}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 31, 1897 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 31, 1897 CE for Perth, Australia: Kṛṣṇa Caturdaśī, sūryodaya 05:41, sūryāsta 19:19.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1897-01-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1897-01-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1897-01-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1897-01-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1897-01-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T18:24:24.919Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T18:24:24.919Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-31T18:24:24.919Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}