{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:1881-12-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1881-12-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1881-12-01","date_display":"December 1, 1881 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1881,"month":12,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2408415.770833,"kali_year":4983,"ahargana":1819950.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":226.6196,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":349.1895,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":11,"name":"Ekādaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Ekādaśī","elongation_degrees":122.57,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.57},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":349.1895,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.5228},"yoga":{"number":17,"name":"Vyatīpāta","sum_longitude":215.8091},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":20,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1881,"month":12,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2408415.770833,"ahargana":1819950.2708,"kali_year":4983,"ayanamsa_lahiri":22.2035,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":226.825064,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":349.698264,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.9381},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":83.74956400000002,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":209.652064,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":27.919264,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":208.88286400000004,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":15.473964000000024,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":230.2764,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":50.2764,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1881,"month":12,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2408415.770833,"kali_year":4983,"ahargana":1819950.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":226.6196,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":349.1895,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":11,"name":"Ekādaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Ekādaśī","elongation_degrees":122.57,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.57},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":349.1895,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.5228},"yoga":{"number":17,"name":"Vyatīpāta","sum_longitude":215.8091},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":20,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.938,"elongation":122.57},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.938,"opposition_distance":57.43}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"05:04","sunsetLocal":"19:09","solarNoonLocal":"12:06","dayLengthHours":14.072052079369676,"dayLengthDisplay":"14 Hours 04 Mins 19 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"9 Hours 55 Mins 41 Secs","moonriseLocal":"14:27","moonsetLocal":"02:09","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"13:52","end":"15:38","startHours":13.86612233324787,"endHours":15.625128843169076,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"05:04","end":"06:50","startHours":5.07108978364182,"endHours":6.830096293563029,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"08:35","end":"10:21","startHours":8.589102803484238,"endHours":10.348109313405448,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:21","end":"08:49","startHours":8.354568602161411,"endHours":8.823637004807066,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:39","end":"06:02","startHours":5.6574252869488895,"endHours":6.032680009065414,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:38","end":"12:35","startHours":11.638047420681003,"endHours":12.576184225972314,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:12","end":"04:08","startHours":3.194816173059196,"endHours":4.132952978350508,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"03:54","end":"05:04","startHours":3.89841877702768,"endHours":5.07108978364182,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:27","end":"15:23","startHours":14.452457836554938,"endHours":15.39059464184625,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:57","end":"19:21","startHours":18.943141863011498,"endHours":19.343141863011496,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:09","end":"19:44","startHours":19.143141863011497,"endHours":19.729477366318566,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:54","end":"20:39","startHours":18.893141863011497,"endHours":20.643141863011497,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:38","end":"00:35","startHours":23.638047420681,"endHours":24.576184225972316,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"05:04","end":"06:50","startHours":5.07108978364182,"endHours":6.830096293563029,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"06:50","end":"08:35","startHours":6.830096293563029,"endHours":8.589102803484238,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"08:35","end":"10:21","startHours":8.589102803484238,"endHours":10.348109313405448,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"10:21","end":"12:06","startHours":10.348109313405448,"endHours":12.107115823326659,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"12:06","end":"13:52","startHours":12.107115823326659,"endHours":13.86612233324787,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"13:52","end":"15:38","startHours":13.86612233324787,"endHours":15.625128843169076,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"15:38","end":"17:23","startHours":15.625128843169076,"endHours":17.384135353090286,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"17:23","end":"19:09","startHours":17.384135353090286,"endHours":19.143141863011497,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:09","end":"20:23","startHours":19.143141863011497,"endHours":20.384135353090286,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"20:23","end":"21:38","startHours":20.384135353090286,"endHours":21.62512884316908,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"21:38","end":"22:52","startHours":21.62512884316908,"endHours":22.86612233324787,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"22:52","end":"00:06","startHours":22.86612233324787,"endHours":24.10711582332666,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"00:06","end":"01:21","startHours":24.10711582332666,"endHours":25.34810931340545,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"01:21","end":"02:35","startHours":25.34810931340545,"endHours":26.589102803484238,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"02:35","end":"03:50","startHours":26.589102803484238,"endHours":27.83009629356303,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"03:50","end":"05:04","startHours":27.83009629356303,"endHours":29.07108978364182,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:04","end":"06:04","startHours":5.07108978364182,"endHours":6.07108978364182,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:04","end":"07:04","startHours":6.07108978364182,"endHours":7.07108978364182,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:04","end":"08:04","startHours":7.07108978364182,"endHours":8.07108978364182,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:04","end":"09:04","startHours":8.07108978364182,"endHours":9.07108978364182,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:04","end":"10:04","startHours":9.07108978364182,"endHours":10.07108978364182,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:04","end":"11:04","startHours":10.07108978364182,"endHours":11.07108978364182,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:04","end":"12:04","startHours":11.07108978364182,"endHours":12.07108978364182,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:04","end":"13:04","startHours":12.07108978364182,"endHours":13.07108978364182,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:04","end":"14:04","startHours":13.07108978364182,"endHours":14.07108978364182,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:04","end":"15:04","startHours":14.07108978364182,"endHours":15.07108978364182,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:04","end":"16:04","startHours":15.07108978364182,"endHours":16.07108978364182,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:04","end":"17:04","startHours":16.07108978364182,"endHours":17.07108978364182,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:04","end":"18:04","startHours":17.07108978364182,"endHours":18.07108978364182,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:04","end":"19:04","startHours":18.07108978364182,"endHours":19.07108978364182,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:04","end":"20:04","startHours":19.07108978364182,"endHours":20.07108978364182,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:04","end":"21:04","startHours":20.07108978364182,"endHours":21.07108978364182,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:04","end":"22:04","startHours":21.07108978364182,"endHours":22.07108978364182,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:04","end":"23:04","startHours":22.07108978364182,"endHours":23.07108978364182,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:04","end":"00:04","startHours":23.07108978364182,"endHours":24.07108978364182,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:04","end":"01:04","startHours":24.07108978364182,"endHours":25.07108978364182,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:04","end":"02:04","startHours":25.07108978364182,"endHours":26.07108978364182,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:04","end":"03:04","startHours":26.07108978364182,"endHours":27.07108978364182,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:04","end":"04:04","startHours":27.07108978364182,"endHours":28.07108978364182,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:04","end":"05:04","startHours":28.07108978364182,"endHours":29.07108978364182,"planetary_lord":"Moon"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"South (Dakṣiṇa)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"North-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Lumba","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Śarad (Autumn)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-21.801136534552793,"eotMinutes":10.131050600400467,"ayanamsa":22.2035}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":1938,"vikram_samvatsara":"Jaya","saka_samvat":1803,"saka_samvatsara":"Vṛṣa","bengali_samvat":1288,"malayalam_era":1057,"nanakshahi_year":412,"lunar_month":"Mārgaśīrṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Mārgaśīrṣa Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Mārgaśīrṣa","lunar_month_amanta":"Mārgaśīrṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Vṛścika (Kārttikai)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Mārgaśīrṣa Śukla Ekādaśī · Vikram 1938 Jaya · Śaka 1803 Vṛṣa"},"festivals":[{"id":"gita-jayanti","name":"Gītā Jayantī (= Mokṣadā Ekādaśī)","name_sanskrit":"गीता जयन्ती","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Krishna (Bhagavad-Gītā speaker)","significance":"Day Bhagavad Gītā was delivered at Kurukṣetra (Mahābhārata Day 1).","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":11,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Mārgaśīrṣa"},"precedence":1,"related_chart":"krishna","historical_anchor":{"event":"Bhagavad Gītā delivered at Kurukṣetra (Mahābhārata Day 1)","date_julian":"-3137-10-04","location":"Kurukṣetra"},"sources":["Bhagavad Gītā (Mahābhārata, Bhīṣma Parva)"]},{"id":"vaikuntha-ekadashi","name":"Vaikuṇṭha Ekādaśī","name_sanskrit":"वैकुण्ठ एकादशी","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Bhagavān Viṣṇu","significance":"Most sacred Ekādaśī of the year; 'Vaikuṇṭha-dvāram udghaṭitam'.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":11,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Mārgaśīrṣa"},"precedence":2},{"id":"mokshada-ekadashi","name":"Mokṣadā Ekādaśī (Gītā Jayantī)","name_sanskrit":"मोक्षदा एकादशी / गीता जयन्ती","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Krishna (Bhagavad Gītā delivery)","significance":"Day Bhagavad Gītā was delivered at Kurukṣetra.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":11,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Mārgaśīrṣa"},"precedence":3},{"id":"ekadashi","name":"Ekādaśī","name_sanskrit":"एकादशी","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Bhagavān Viṣṇu","significance":"Sacred to Bhagavān Viṣṇu; vrata for purification.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":11},{"tithi_number":26}]},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"guru-walk","name":"Bṛhaspati Walk","name_sanskrit":"गुरु यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Wisdom transmission + BG 4.34.","step_count":8,"url":"/walk/guru-walk"},"reason":"Guruvāra (Thursday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 1, 1881 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 1, 1881 CE for Perth, Australia: Śukla Ekādaśī, sūryodaya 05:04, sūryāsta 19:09.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1881-12-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1881-12-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1881-12-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1881-12-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1881-12-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-01T11:47:12.191Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-01T11:47:12.191Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-01T11:47:12.191Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}