{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:1860-10-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1860-10-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1860-10-28","date_display":"October 28, 1860 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1860,"month":10,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2400711.770833,"kali_year":4962,"ahargana":1812246.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":192.5979,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":352.4829,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":14,"name":"Caturdaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Caturdaśī","elongation_degrees":159.885,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.885},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":352.4829,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.8163},"yoga":{"number":14,"name":"Harṣaṇa","sum_longitude":185.0809},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":26,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1860,"month":10,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2400711.770833,"ahargana":1812246.2708,"kali_year":4962,"ayanamsa_lahiri":21.9088,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":192.95351299999993,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":353.660213,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.3256},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":294.94661300000007,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":215.71291300000007,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":123.10871300000002,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":151.027013,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":136.198213,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":278.4714,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":98.4714,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1860,"month":10,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2400711.770833,"kali_year":4962,"ahargana":1812246.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":192.5979,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":352.4829,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":14,"name":"Caturdaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Caturdaśī","elongation_degrees":159.885,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.885},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":352.4829,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.8163},"yoga":{"number":14,"name":"Harṣaṇa","sum_longitude":185.0809},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":26,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.326,"elongation":159.885},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.326,"opposition_distance":20.115}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"05:23","sunsetLocal":"18:38","solarNoonLocal":"12:00","dayLengthHours":13.252327219429652,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 15 Mins 08 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 44 Mins 52 Secs","moonriseLocal":"16:56","moonsetLocal":"04:30","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"16:58","end":"18:38","startHours":16.97219611162793,"endHours":18.628737014056636,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:00","end":"13:40","startHours":12.00257340434181,"endHours":13.659114306770515,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:19","end":"16:58","startHours":15.315655209199225,"endHours":16.97219611162793,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:28","end":"08:55","startHours":8.46861947916057,"endHours":8.910363719808226,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:56","end":"06:17","startHours":5.928590095436554,"endHours":6.281985487954678,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:34","end":"12:27","startHours":11.560829163694155,"endHours":12.444317644989464,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:37","end":"04:30","startHours":3.6094328320363642,"endHours":4.492921313331674,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:16","end":"05:23","startHours":4.272049193007847,"endHours":5.376409794626984,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:13","end":"15:06","startHours":14.211294607580086,"endHours":15.094783088875397,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:26","end":"18:50","startHours":18.428737014056637,"endHours":18.828737014056635,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:38","end":"19:11","startHours":18.628737014056636,"endHours":19.180917314866203,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:23","end":"20:08","startHours":18.378737014056636,"endHours":20.128737014056636,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:34","end":"00:27","startHours":23.560829163694155,"endHours":24.444317644989464,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"05:23","end":"07:02","startHours":5.376409794626984,"endHours":7.032950697055691,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"07:02","end":"08:41","startHours":7.032950697055691,"endHours":8.689491599484398,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"08:41","end":"10:21","startHours":8.689491599484398,"endHours":10.346032501913104,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:21","end":"12:00","startHours":10.346032501913104,"endHours":12.00257340434181,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:00","end":"13:40","startHours":12.00257340434181,"endHours":13.659114306770515,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"13:40","end":"15:19","startHours":13.659114306770515,"endHours":15.315655209199225,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:19","end":"16:58","startHours":15.315655209199225,"endHours":16.97219611162793,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"16:58","end":"18:38","startHours":16.97219611162793,"endHours":18.628737014056636,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:38","end":"19:58","startHours":18.628737014056636,"endHours":19.97219611162793,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"19:58","end":"21:19","startHours":19.97219611162793,"endHours":21.31565520919922,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:19","end":"22:40","startHours":21.31565520919922,"endHours":22.659114306770515,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"22:40","end":"00:00","startHours":22.659114306770515,"endHours":24.00257340434181,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:00","end":"01:21","startHours":24.00257340434181,"endHours":25.346032501913104,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:21","end":"02:41","startHours":25.346032501913104,"endHours":26.6894915994844,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"02:41","end":"04:02","startHours":26.6894915994844,"endHours":28.03295069705569,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"04:02","end":"05:23","startHours":28.03295069705569,"endHours":29.376409794626984,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:23","end":"06:23","startHours":5.376409794626984,"endHours":6.376409794626984,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:23","end":"07:23","startHours":6.376409794626984,"endHours":7.376409794626984,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:23","end":"08:23","startHours":7.376409794626984,"endHours":8.376409794626984,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:23","end":"09:23","startHours":8.376409794626984,"endHours":9.376409794626984,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:23","end":"10:23","startHours":9.376409794626984,"endHours":10.376409794626984,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:23","end":"11:23","startHours":10.376409794626984,"endHours":11.376409794626984,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:23","end":"12:23","startHours":11.376409794626984,"endHours":12.376409794626984,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:23","end":"13:23","startHours":12.376409794626984,"endHours":13.376409794626984,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:23","end":"14:23","startHours":13.376409794626984,"endHours":14.376409794626984,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:23","end":"15:23","startHours":14.376409794626984,"endHours":15.376409794626984,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:23","end":"16:23","startHours":15.376409794626984,"endHours":16.376409794626984,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:23","end":"17:23","startHours":16.376409794626984,"endHours":17.376409794626984,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:23","end":"18:23","startHours":17.376409794626984,"endHours":18.376409794626984,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:23","end":"19:23","startHours":18.376409794626984,"endHours":19.376409794626984,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:23","end":"20:23","startHours":19.376409794626984,"endHours":20.376409794626984,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:23","end":"21:23","startHours":20.376409794626984,"endHours":21.376409794626984,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:23","end":"22:23","startHours":21.376409794626984,"endHours":22.376409794626984,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:23","end":"23:23","startHours":22.376409794626984,"endHours":23.376409794626984,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:23","end":"00:23","startHours":23.376409794626984,"endHours":24.376409794626984,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:23","end":"01:23","startHours":24.376409794626984,"endHours":25.376409794626984,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:23","end":"02:23","startHours":25.376409794626984,"endHours":26.376409794626984,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:23","end":"03:23","startHours":26.376409794626984,"endHours":27.376409794626984,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:23","end":"04:23","startHours":27.376409794626984,"endHours":28.376409794626984,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:23","end":"05:23","startHours":28.376409794626984,"endHours":29.376409794626984,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Sushira","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Śarad (Autumn) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Śarad (Autumn)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-13.140891889814352,"eotMinutes":16.40359573949132,"ayanamsa":21.9088}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":1917,"vikram_samvatsara":"Śrīmukha","saka_samvat":1782,"saka_samvatsara":"Raudra","bengali_samvat":1267,"malayalam_era":1036,"nanakshahi_year":391,"lunar_month":"Āśvina","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Āśvina Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Āśvina","lunar_month_amanta":"Āśvina","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Tulā (Aippasi)","ritu":"Śarad (Autumn)","display_summary":"Āśvina Śukla Caturdaśī · Vikram 1917 Śrīmukha · Śaka 1782 Raudra"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga October 28, 1860 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"October 28, 1860 CE for Perth, Australia: Śukla Caturdaśī, sūryodaya 05:23, sūryāsta 18:38.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1860-10-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1860-10-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1860-10-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1860-10-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1860-10-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-03T01:58:25.118Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-03T01:58:25.118Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-03T01:58:25.118Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}