{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:perth:1860-01-12:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1860-01-12","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1860-01-12","date_display":"January 12, 1860 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1860,"month":1,"day":12,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2400421.770833,"kali_year":4961,"ahargana":1811956.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":269.4203,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":133.6186,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":19,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturthī","elongation_degrees":224.1984,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.1984},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":133.6186,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.2853},"yoga":{"number":4,"name":"Saubhāgya","sum_longitude":43.0389},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":37,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1860,"month":1,"day":12,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2400421.770833,"ahargana":1811956.2708,"kali_year":4961,"ayanamsa_lahiri":21.8977,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":269.216994,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":136.407194,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-1.5216},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":208.22449400000005,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":249.45399399999997,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":89.242594,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":296.947894,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":124.21419400000002,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":293.837,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":113.837,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Āśleṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1860,"month":1,"day":12,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2400421.770833,"kali_year":4961,"ahargana":1811956.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":269.4203,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":133.6186,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":19,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturthī","elongation_degrees":224.1984,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.1984},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":133.6186,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.2853},"yoga":{"number":4,"name":"Saubhāgya","sum_longitude":43.0389},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":37,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.522,"elongation":135.802},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.522,"opposition_distance":44.198}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":11,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-0.859,"elongation":1.529}]},"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"perth","name":"Perth, Australia","lat":-31.9505,"lon":115.8605,"tz_offset_hours":8,"country":"AU","tier":"diaspora"},"sunriseLocal":"05:23","sunsetLocal":"19:27","solarNoonLocal":"12:25","dayLengthHours":14.069824009355582,"dayLengthDisplay":"14 Hours 04 Mins 11 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"9 Hours 55 Mins 49 Secs","moonriseLocal":"21:52","moonsetLocal":"09:15","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"14:10","end":"15:56","startHours":14.172452711775746,"endHours":15.931180712945192,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"05:23","end":"07:08","startHours":5.378812705928507,"endHours":7.137540707097955,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"08:54","end":"10:39","startHours":8.896268708267403,"endHours":10.65499670943685,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:40","end":"09:08","startHours":8.661771641444808,"endHours":9.130765775089994,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:58","end":"06:20","startHours":5.965055372984989,"endHours":6.340250679901138,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:57","end":"12:53","startHours":11.944730576961112,"endHours":12.882718844251484,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:30","end":"04:26","startHours":3.5028361713477625,"endHours":4.440824438638135,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:12","end":"05:23","startHours":4.206327371815542,"endHours":5.378812705928507,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:46","end":"15:42","startHours":14.758695378832227,"endHours":15.6966836461226,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"19:15","end":"19:39","startHours":19.24863671528409,"endHours":19.648636715284088,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:27","end":"20:02","startHours":19.44863671528409,"endHours":20.03487938234057,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"19:12","end":"20:57","startHours":19.19863671528409,"endHours":20.94863671528409,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:57","end":"00:53","startHours":23.94473057696111,"endHours":24.88271884425148,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"05:23","end":"07:08","startHours":5.378812705928507,"endHours":7.137540707097955,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"07:08","end":"08:54","startHours":7.137540707097955,"endHours":8.896268708267403,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"08:54","end":"10:39","startHours":8.896268708267403,"endHours":10.65499670943685,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"10:39","end":"12:25","startHours":10.65499670943685,"endHours":12.413724710606298,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"12:25","end":"14:10","startHours":12.413724710606298,"endHours":14.172452711775746,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"14:10","end":"15:56","startHours":14.172452711775746,"endHours":15.931180712945192,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"15:56","end":"17:41","startHours":15.931180712945192,"endHours":17.68990871411464,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"17:41","end":"19:27","startHours":17.68990871411464,"endHours":19.44863671528409,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:27","end":"20:41","startHours":19.44863671528409,"endHours":20.68990871411464,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"20:41","end":"21:56","startHours":20.68990871411464,"endHours":21.931180712945192,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"21:56","end":"23:10","startHours":21.931180712945192,"endHours":23.172452711775744,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"23:10","end":"00:25","startHours":23.172452711775744,"endHours":24.413724710606296,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"00:25","end":"01:39","startHours":24.413724710606296,"endHours":25.65499670943685,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"01:39","end":"02:54","startHours":25.65499670943685,"endHours":26.896268708267403,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"02:54","end":"04:08","startHours":26.896268708267403,"endHours":28.137540707097955,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"04:08","end":"05:23","startHours":28.137540707097955,"endHours":29.378812705928507,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:23","end":"06:23","startHours":5.378812705928507,"endHours":6.378812705928507,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:23","end":"07:23","startHours":6.378812705928507,"endHours":7.378812705928507,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:23","end":"08:23","startHours":7.378812705928507,"endHours":8.378812705928507,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:23","end":"09:23","startHours":8.378812705928507,"endHours":9.378812705928507,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:23","end":"10:23","startHours":9.378812705928507,"endHours":10.378812705928507,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:23","end":"11:23","startHours":10.378812705928507,"endHours":11.378812705928507,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:23","end":"12:23","startHours":11.378812705928507,"endHours":12.378812705928507,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:23","end":"13:23","startHours":12.378812705928507,"endHours":13.378812705928507,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:23","end":"14:23","startHours":13.378812705928507,"endHours":14.378812705928507,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:23","end":"15:23","startHours":14.378812705928507,"endHours":15.378812705928507,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:23","end":"16:23","startHours":15.378812705928507,"endHours":16.378812705928507,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:23","end":"17:23","startHours":16.378812705928507,"endHours":17.378812705928507,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:23","end":"18:23","startHours":17.378812705928507,"endHours":18.378812705928507,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:23","end":"19:23","startHours":18.378812705928507,"endHours":19.378812705928507,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:23","end":"20:23","startHours":19.378812705928507,"endHours":20.378812705928507,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:23","end":"21:23","startHours":20.378812705928507,"endHours":21.378812705928507,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:23","end":"22:23","startHours":21.378812705928507,"endHours":22.378812705928507,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:23","end":"23:23","startHours":22.378812705928507,"endHours":23.378812705928507,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:23","end":"00:23","startHours":23.378812705928507,"endHours":24.378812705928507,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:23","end":"01:23","startHours":24.378812705928507,"endHours":25.378812705928507,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:23","end":"02:23","startHours":25.378812705928507,"endHours":26.378812705928507,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:23","end":"03:23","startHours":26.378812705928507,"endHours":27.378812705928507,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:23","end":"04:23","startHours":27.378812705928507,"endHours":28.378812705928507,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:23","end":"05:23","startHours":28.378812705928507,"endHours":29.378812705928507,"planetary_lord":"Moon"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"South (Dakṣiṇa)","chandraVasa":"West","rahuVasa":"North-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Sushira","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-21.77910305103842,"eotMinutes":-8.265482636377905,"ayanamsa":21.8977}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":1917,"vikram_samvatsara":"Śrīmukha","saka_samvat":1782,"saka_samvatsara":"Raudra","bengali_samvat":1267,"malayalam_era":1036,"nanakshahi_year":391,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Māgha","lunar_month_amanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Caturthī · Vikram 1917 Śrīmukha · Śaka 1782 Raudra"},"festivals":[{"id":"makara-sankranti","name":"Makara Saṅkrānti (Uttarāyaṇa)","name_sanskrit":"मकर सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Capricorn; Uttarāyaṇa (north-going) begins. Bhīṣma's chosen mahaprasthāna time.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi_ingress":"Makara"},"precedence":1,"sources":["Mahābhārata Bhīṣma-Stuti","Sūrya-Siddhānta"]},{"id":"pongal","name":"Pongal / Thai Pongal","name_sanskrit":"पोङ्गल","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Tamil 4-day harvest festival; coincides with Makara Saṅkrānti.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi_ingress":"Makara"},"precedence":2},{"id":"sankashti-chaturthi","name":"Saṅkaṣṭī Caturthī","name_sanskrit":"सङ्कष्टी चतुर्थी","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Gaṇeśa","significance":"Monthly Gaṇeśa vrata.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":19,"tithi_paksha":"Kṛṣṇa"},"precedence":6}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"guru-walk","name":"Bṛhaspati Walk","name_sanskrit":"गुरु यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Wisdom transmission + BG 4.34.","step_count":8,"url":"/walk/guru-walk"},"reason":"Guruvāra (Thursday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"perth"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 12, 1860 CE · Perth, Australia · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 12, 1860 CE for Perth, Australia: Kṛṣṇa Caturthī, sūryodaya 05:23, sūryāsta 19:27.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1860-01-12","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1860-01-12","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1860-01-12","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1860-01-12","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/perth/1860-01-12"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T19:08:22.054Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T19:08:22.054Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-02T19:08:22.054Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}