{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:patna:2016-08-20:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/patna/2016-08-20","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2016-08-20","date_display":"August 20, 2016 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2016,"month":8,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457620.770833,"kali_year":5118,"ahargana":1869155.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":122.7006,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":322.6928,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":17,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":199.9922,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.9922},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":322.6928,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.6928},"yoga":{"number":7,"name":"Sukarma","sum_longitude":85.3933},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":33,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2016,"month":8,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457620.770833,"ahargana":1869155.2708,"kali_year":5118,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.0854,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":123.37837100000002,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":324.8343709999999,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":0.0366},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":223.39497099999994,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":150.31667099999999,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":151.06917099999998,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":143.38257099999998,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":225.53757099999996,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":143.1587,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":323.1587,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2016,"month":8,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457620.770833,"kali_year":5118,"ahargana":1869155.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":122.7006,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":322.6928,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":17,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":199.9922,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.9922},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":322.6928,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.6928},"yoga":{"number":7,"name":"Sukarma","sum_longitude":85.3933},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":33,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.037,"elongation":160.008},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.037,"opposition_distance":19.992}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":12,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-0.832,"elongation":2.371}]},"city":{"slug":"patna","name":"Patna, Bihar","lat":25.5941,"lon":85.1376,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Bihar","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"patna","name":"Patna, Bihar","lat":25.5941,"lon":85.1376,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Bihar","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"05:25","sunsetLocal":"18:20","solarNoonLocal":"11:52","dayLengthHours":12.929666006539044,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 55 Mins 47 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 04 Mins 13 Secs","moonriseLocal":"19:24","moonsetLocal":"07:13","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"08:39","end":"10:16","startHours":8.642577013540745,"endHours":10.258785264358124,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:29","end":"15:06","startHours":13.491201765992884,"endHours":15.107410016810267,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"05:25","end":"07:02","startHours":5.410160511905983,"endHours":7.026368762723363,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:26","end":"08:51","startHours":8.427082580098427,"endHours":8.858071446983061,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:57","end":"06:18","startHours":5.948896595511776,"endHours":6.293687689019484,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:27","end":"12:18","startHours":11.44400464829087,"endHours":12.305982382060138,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:41","end":"04:33","startHours":3.6862050443674437,"endHours":4.548182778136713,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:20","end":"05:25","startHours":4.332688344694396,"endHours":5.410160511905983,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:02","end":"14:54","startHours":14.029937849598678,"endHours":14.891915583367947,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:08","end":"18:32","startHours":18.139826518445027,"endHours":18.539826518445025,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:20","end":"18:53","startHours":18.339826518445026,"endHours":18.87856260205082,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:05","end":"19:50","startHours":18.089826518445026,"endHours":19.839826518445026,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:27","end":"00:18","startHours":23.444004648290868,"endHours":24.30598238206014,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"05:25","end":"07:02","startHours":5.410160511905983,"endHours":7.026368762723363,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"07:02","end":"08:39","startHours":7.026368762723363,"endHours":8.642577013540745,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"08:39","end":"10:16","startHours":8.642577013540745,"endHours":10.258785264358124,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:16","end":"11:52","startHours":10.258785264358124,"endHours":11.874993515175504,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"11:52","end":"13:29","startHours":11.874993515175504,"endHours":13.491201765992884,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:29","end":"15:06","startHours":13.491201765992884,"endHours":15.107410016810267,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:06","end":"16:43","startHours":15.107410016810267,"endHours":16.723618267627646,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"16:43","end":"18:20","startHours":16.723618267627646,"endHours":18.339826518445026,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"18:20","end":"19:43","startHours":18.339826518445026,"endHours":19.723618267627646,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:43","end":"21:06","startHours":19.723618267627646,"endHours":21.107410016810263,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:06","end":"22:29","startHours":21.107410016810263,"endHours":22.491201765992884,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:29","end":"23:52","startHours":22.491201765992884,"endHours":23.874993515175504,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"23:52","end":"01:16","startHours":23.874993515175504,"endHours":25.258785264358124,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:16","end":"02:39","startHours":25.258785264358124,"endHours":26.642577013540745,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"02:39","end":"04:02","startHours":26.642577013540745,"endHours":28.02636876272336,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"04:02","end":"05:25","startHours":28.02636876272336,"endHours":29.410160511905982,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:25","end":"06:25","startHours":5.410160511905983,"endHours":6.410160511905983,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:25","end":"07:25","startHours":6.410160511905983,"endHours":7.410160511905983,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:25","end":"08:25","startHours":7.410160511905983,"endHours":8.410160511905982,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:25","end":"09:25","startHours":8.410160511905982,"endHours":9.410160511905982,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:25","end":"10:25","startHours":9.410160511905982,"endHours":10.410160511905982,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:25","end":"11:25","startHours":10.410160511905982,"endHours":11.410160511905982,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:25","end":"12:25","startHours":11.410160511905982,"endHours":12.410160511905982,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:25","end":"13:25","startHours":12.410160511905982,"endHours":13.410160511905982,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:25","end":"14:25","startHours":13.410160511905982,"endHours":14.410160511905982,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:25","end":"15:25","startHours":14.410160511905982,"endHours":15.410160511905982,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:25","end":"16:25","startHours":15.410160511905982,"endHours":16.410160511905982,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:25","end":"17:25","startHours":16.410160511905982,"endHours":17.410160511905982,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:25","end":"18:25","startHours":17.410160511905982,"endHours":18.410160511905982,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:25","end":"19:25","startHours":18.410160511905982,"endHours":19.410160511905982,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:25","end":"20:25","startHours":19.410160511905982,"endHours":20.410160511905982,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:25","end":"21:25","startHours":20.410160511905982,"endHours":21.410160511905982,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:25","end":"22:25","startHours":21.410160511905982,"endHours":22.410160511905982,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:25","end":"23:25","startHours":22.410160511905982,"endHours":23.410160511905982,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:25","end":"00:25","startHours":23.410160511905982,"endHours":24.410160511905982,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:25","end":"01:25","startHours":24.410160511905982,"endHours":25.410160511905982,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:25","end":"02:25","startHours":25.410160511905982,"endHours":26.410160511905982,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:25","end":"03:25","startHours":26.410160511905982,"endHours":27.410160511905982,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:25","end":"04:25","startHours":27.410160511905982,"endHours":28.410160511905982,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:25","end":"05:25","startHours":28.410160511905982,"endHours":29.410160511905982,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Amṛta","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":12.351796032890629,"eotMinutes":-3.0500109105302213,"ayanamsa":24.0854}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2073,"vikram_samvatsara":"Saumya","saka_samvat":1938,"saka_samvatsara":"Durmukhi","bengali_samvat":1423,"malayalam_era":1192,"nanakshahi_year":547,"lunar_month":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Bhādrapada Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_amanta":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Siṃha (Āvaṇi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Bhādrapada Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā · Vikram 2073 Saumya · Śaka 1938 Durmukhi"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"patna"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga August 20, 2016 CE · Patna, Bihar · Vidhyamitra","description":"August 20, 2016 CE for Patna, Bihar: Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā, sūryodaya 05:25, sūryāsta 18:20.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/patna/2016-08-20","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/patna/2016-08-20","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/patna/2016-08-20","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/patna/2016-08-20","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/patna/2016-08-20"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-09-06T07:04:10.562Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-09-06T07:04:10.562Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-09-06T07:04:10.562Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Hosted scripture","Named-tradition interpretation","Original Vidhyamitra contemplation","Bhūmi-born material medium","Vidhyamitra portal","Responsible reader in their own kṣetra"],"claim_boundary":"The legacy purna_chain field carries a source-to-reader sequence, not a revealed physical descent, universal cosmology, or proof that software is conscious.","antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}